Silva et al, 2000 (See reference pages for complete citation)

Psychiatric clinic sample of 100 inner-city child and adolescent referrals ages 3 to 18 mean 9.9

59 had experienced a PTSD criteria trauma – 22% who had been traumatized met full criteria for PTSD; 32% had partial symptoms of PTSD; 46% had no symptoms of PTSD

witnessing domestic violence or being physically abused predicted severity of PTSD

traumatic experience interacts with factors within the child and in the family to contribute to development of PTSD; especially traumas that threaten family integrity appear to make strong contribution

gender made no significant difference in terms of interaction of traumatic experience including sexual abuse with PTSD full, or in difference in number of PTSD symptoms