+VERBAL ABUSE – CAN I HEAL MY INFANT MUSICAL BRAIN?

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I have no doubt that our human species participated in dance and music long, long before we had the ability to use words in speech.  I also know that as a newborn infant I could first experience the terrorizing sounds of my mother’s trauma ‘music’ and feel how she physically treated me through her trauma ‘dance’ long, long before I could begin to comprehend what a word was.  Those earliest experiences with my mother affected how my brain developed.  I want to go back now and specifically try to heal my ‘infant’ musical brain.

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If someone explained to me, for example, that the reason I couldn’t walk as well as others was because my feet had been bound tightly from the time I was very small, and the bindings were not removed until I was a teenager, I would be able to make that connection.  I understand what feet have to do with walking.

I took the ability to send and receive spoken word communication and to think in words for granted all of my life until two years ago.  After the shocking stress of being diagnosed with advanced, aggressive breast cancer, and then after following through with all the radical treatments, including chemotherapy, that have saved my life, I now have a different understanding of my own speech related processes.

I understand now that my brain did not learn to process language normally.  I understand that somehow I was able to continue forward in my infant-child development and all the way into adulthood without anyone, my self included, recognizing that my mother’s severe verbal abuse of me had changed the way my language processing abilities developed, and thus changed the regions of my brain and their operation that language-processing abilities rely on.

What I know about myself now post cancer and its treatment is that what I really did from the time I was very, very small was create the equivalent of a house of cards within my brain that gave me the illusion that I processed spoken language in the same way that other people do.  Chemotherapy’s affect on my infant-child abused brain on many levels was that it erased most of the post-critical windows of early development abilities I had ‘learned’ to use so that I could get along in the world.  In other words, chemotherapy erased my memory of how I pretended to be normal.

My language processing abilities were not spared.  I see the image of a beautiful (and believable) brilliantly colored and intricately designed paper Chinese lantern that represents the ways I managed to incorporate enough of how regular people interact with one another in verbal ways so that even I was fooled into believing I was no different from others.  Yet my experience with cancer and its treatment has been that a soaking rain has disintegrated the fragile paper structure of pretending I was ‘OK’.

I am left with a barely flickering candle of what normal human verbal-social interactions are supposed to be like – and none of the extraneous trappings.  By finding the developmental brain research and by trying to understand it, I am learning that the balance of information processing between the two hemispheres of my brain has been altered.  Not only did my right emotional social limbic brain not develop normally, but neither did my left brain (as a right-handed person).

With the secondary (later learned) structure of my language processing abilities wiped away, I am left with the experience of what my primary language processing abilities are really like.  It is only now that I am beginning to gain willingness to look behind the illusions of normalcy for myself that I am beginning to understand what my mother’s extreme verbal abuse of me from the time I was born did to me.

At the same time I consider myself fortunate to be living in the period of human history when understandings about the intricate workings of the human brain are being discovered.  I am fortunate also to be living at a time when I can find related important information in my own world through the internet.  In some strange way that I cannot pinpoint or name exactly, I also realize that my having cancer, being treated for it, and still being alive – now with this NEW information about the way my brain REALLY processes language combined with access to new brain discovery information – is giving me the fantastic opportunity to combine my personal story of surviving severe infant-child abuse with new-found awareness of how early verbal abuse impacts a young brain during its critical-window periods of rapid growth and development.

I am the living, breathing, walking, talking, hearing, listening result of my mother’s incredible infant-child severe abuse experiment.  I don’t suffer from anything as blatantly obvious as having the consequence of bound feet.  I suffer from the invisible, internal, brain structural changes that her abuse of me created.  At the same time I don’t have any understanding of what brain regions look like.  Words used to describe them are foreign to me, and most of them I cannot form my mental tongue around enough to grasp what these words even sound like!

But understand them I must because I am out of the loop of normal social interactions, home alone with an invisible 100% disability that frankly enrages me and causes me great sadness.  Not only did my right brain not learn how to read ‘social cues’ or facial expressions normally, my left brain did not grow in such a way that verbally expressed words are connected and associated with the underlying expression of emotion and intention of the speaker in normal ways.

If I were to be given the choice between two gifts, one being a platinum jewel studded necklace worth millions and the other being the information that research such as Dr. Martin Teicher’s presents about how early abuse changes the brain, I would not hesitate to accept the latter.  Most unfortunately my body-brain knows within its every fiber what Dr. Teicher is talking about when he writes the following:

The study on verbal abuse is the first to be published, though the overall hypothesis on distinctive sensory damage has so far panned out when the unpublished work is also considered.  The findings of this study “set the stage for what we’re seeing in the other ongoing studies—that sensory systems are vulnerable,” said Teicher.   “The brain is probably suppressing the development of sensory systems that are providing adverse input.”   That is, children’s brains seem to “turn down the volume” on abusive words, images and even pain.   The result is diminished integrity in these sensory pathways.

At the same time I know it wasn’t JUST the “deleterious effect of ridicule, humiliation, and disdain on brain connectivity” that changed the way my brain grew its language abilities.  In fact, I suspect I would be far better off today if the development brain changes I suffered from my mother’s verbal abuse of me had at least WAITED to happen once I even understood what ridicule, humiliation and distain even were.  Because my mother’s hatred and abuse of me began at the time of my birth, my body-brain had to change its development from my very beginnings.

My suspicion is that dissociation began to find its way into my body-brain development during the first interactions I had with my mother.  As a result, my body-brain has NEVER stored memory in an ordinary way.  Because of this fact, I have what is probably an unusual ability to both remember things I should not remember and to NOT remember things that I should.  Repeated patterns of abusive interactions, which began at my birth, formed themselves into my body-brain in such a way that dissociation itself became a superhighway of connectivity rather than the desired patterns of association.  I can remember my mother’s interactions with me well before I reached the age of words.

This is true because I was born into an infant world that was about as different from normal as it could possibly be.  I didn’t forget these patterns of interactions with my abusive mother from birth, either.  They built the body-brain I have as they built themselves INTO the body-brain I have.  There’s nothing unusual about this fact, either.  ALL of us have the patterns of our earliest interactions with our infant caregivers built into us – because they BUILT us.

When an ordinarily-built person encounters a group of strangers, how they interact with them on all levels, including verbal exchange, happens through a remembering of their earliest caregiver interactions that built them.

I find that I am surprised by the next thoughts that entered my mind as I wrote this last sentence.  My mind is telling me that I thought I’d made progress as I came to understand that interactions between people, including verbal ones, could be looked at as if they were mostly on one of a continuum or the other.  I thought that continuum was about prosocial interactions or antisocial interactions.  Now I realize that I see another entirely different continuum that exists in its own right as an entirely different way.

People like me, who suffered enough severe abuse from birth, operate in our human interactions on this other continuum.  I suspect that the Austic brain shares the features of this continuum, a continuum that simply shows the degrees of unsocial interactions our brains were built with.  The unsocial brain has a different set of rules than does a brain that includes on the ends of its continuum degrees of prosocial or antisocial abilities.  The unsocialized brain is based in its foundational construction on dissociations rather than associations.  It is a brain built from social isolation and ‘maternal deprivation’.

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As I mentioned above, I had no way to know that I had a dissociational unsocialized brain until my experience with cancer and its treatment erased all the secondary human social interactional abilities that I had somehow learned far later, and far down the road from ‘normal’.  They could be erased and ‘forgotten’ because they were secondary and not primary.  Now I am left with two ongoing parallel experiences.  I experience myself with my unsocial brain at the same time I remember when I could ‘act as if’ I had a socialized brain.  But I do not believe I can ever get back the secondary socialized brain I had before cancer.  That brain, with its complex set of secondary (learned) patterns of ‘normal’ human interactional abilities has vanished as certainly as a paper Chinese lantern in a hard rain.

Because I live with this unsocial brain I can say that two simultaneous experiences I know about first hand are (1) I do not receive or process sensory information normally, and (2) I have a fundamentally altered sense of time – and therefore of timing.  While these two aspects of the way my brain formed affect every experience that I have, they create the most difficulty for me as a human being in my relationships with others.

Words become words in any language we might speak because we can recognize where each one starts and where it ends.  Next, we understand the agreed upon meaning that each word refers to.  If we listen to a language that is not our own, we do not recognize word starts and stops, nor do we understand their meanings.

I now recognize for myself that I don’t actually have a first language at all.  The language that I began to learn from the time I was born was a language purely of emotion.  Not only that, but the first language I learned was about extremely overwhelming SOUND coupled with physical pain caused by brutal and violent motion.  My mother didn’t wait until I had the advanced mental abilities formed into my brain that would have let me begin to comprehend what the words “ridicule, humiliation and disdain” might actually mean.

The associations being made in my infant brain were that the sound, the feel, the look of my mother threatened my existence.  I believe my body knew this fact profoundly.  My mother’s roaring, screaming voice were coupled with (associated with) the look of her distorted, contorted, twisted, wide-eyed, wide-mouthed psychotically violent hate-filled face.  The sound of her, the look of her face, were coupled with (associated with) the rage-dilled steely hard grip of her hands, with her pinches, slaps, thumps, slaps along with the heavy thundering stomp of her feet.

So why would I be surprised now to find that the actual words that fall out of people’s lips are far from being my first concern?  Why would I wonder now why there is often a great distance of time between when those words fall out and when I can actually make any logical sense out of them?  Why would I wonder that my verbal interactional space is slow and loose and broad and wide with ill-defined edges rather than being tight and clear and succinct and efficient and FAST?

Language spoken by other people (all but those I am closest to and most safe and secure with) is about how the sound of that person first affects me.  What they actually say means very little to me at all.  If there is stress for me in the interaction, often I can watch a person’s lips move without hearing the sound of their words at all.

Listening to spoken language happens for me mostly in the realm of courtesy and consideration, not because I am comfortable with it – or even need it myself.  I am always concerned on my most fundamental levels with assessing information for threat and risk of harm and for another person’s TRUE intentions.  That level of meaning is, for me, nearly completely divorced from the actual words a person rattles out of their mouth.

It can, therefore, take me a very long time to understand others’ questions and to respond to them.  There is often a wide blank dissociational pause in the conversation while I work very hard inside of myself to negotiate this human social space.  Even though I try hardest to determine intention and risk of harm, at the same time I did not build within my brain the normal capacity for reading nonverbal social signals.  I now completely understand that social verbal interactions with others are exhausting for me, and that I do not do them well.

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That leads me to the next step in my own thinking.  At 58 years old I am now approaching my own logical conclusion.  I probably had developed within me what might be a supremely musical brain.  This suspicion brings to my mind the writings of Daniel J. Levitin about the human brain and music.  It makes me think about the writings of Arnold H. Modell on the human mirror neuron system as he describes how the essentials of human movement might be best described in terms of dance from before we are born.  It also makes me want to include what Dr. Dacher Keltner says about the brain stem connection between laughter and later-developing human verbal language (Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life).

How strange it might seem to think about my mother’s profound abuse of me from birth in these simple terms:  The terrible and terrifying noise and sound of my mother was her music toward me.  The terrible and terrifying, traumatic movement of her was her dance toward me

If we suspend all the intellectual concepts we are tempted to apply in our thinking about newborns in interaction with their mothers – as they begin to happen to all of us from the moment we are born – and begin to understand that it is the patterns of our mother’s music and of her dance that are impacting our developing body-brain, perhaps we can begin to think in terms of a different kind of medicine that might help in our healing.

About a year before I ever knew I had the cancer, I experienced something that actually scared me.  I had bought myself an electric guitar.  One day I decided to give myself permission to play with it for as long as I wanted.  Four hours went by as if they were four minutes. After I put the guitar backing its case and walked away, I realized that my mind was full of music.  Not words, just patterns of notes and rhythms in ongoing streams without beginning or end.

What scared me was that I could not alter this flow of musical patterns  for nearly 48 hours except when I consciously forced myself to focus momentarily on some other action.  – notice the stop sign ahead of me when I was driving, or going through the actions to make a pot of coffee or a piece of toast.

At that time I was committed to my developmental brain studies and to my writing.  I decided not to let myself return to that level of music involvement because I believed it would interfere with my ‘work’.  Well, many thousands of hours and probably millions of written words later, I am making the decision to pursue an experiment with myself.

I accept that I will not be able to achieve the kind of mastery over guitar technique that I want or need, so I am making the very big decision to pull $519.95 out of my pitiful total savings of $1,800 and buy myself an electric piano.  I am choosing to spend that (to me) very large chunk of money because I am beginning to understand that allowing myself to think in music might be the single best medicine I can provide for my brain.  I am also purchasing and Audiogram so I can record myself thinking and go back and follow my conversations with myself – and between my brain hemispheres.  (The more perfect-pitch and consistent sound quality, the better)

I don’t have a history of musical study.  I cannot (yet?) read music.  But the more I come to understand that this last subject I am considering in my studies, how my mother’s verbal abuse of me FIRST affected my brain-body development as a dancing-musical human being, the more profoundly I am beginning to understand that at no time in my life have I actually been ‘normal’ or ‘ordinary’.  I was not built that way.

So if wordless music and dance is the human first language, and if it is the language that continued to build my brain far into the stages when patterns of prosocial verbal speech should have taken over my associational brain patterns, then I think it’s time I gave myself permission to think and speak in my own first language.

Who knows?  Maybe I can go all the way back in the very structure of my brain and rewrite and overwrite what was put in there by the monster from the very beginnings of when I could listen to sound.  Maybe I will find my own first and primary language.  Maybe I will create it.  I will certainly be able to express it.  Of that I have no doubt.

NOTE:  Although this might seem to be an unrelated topic, it is not.  When I was 13 and in 8th grade, I was able to discover in PE class that I was extremely gifted in playing basketball.  If ever I was to know what living in a state of perfect magic is like (other than what I expect to experience now with music), it was the experience of gliding around a basketball court with many other bodies while being oblivious to their existence as real physical objects.  There were only three objects on the full and busy court:  My body, the basketball, and the hoop.  I never took aim.  I never thought.  And I never missed a shot, not even if that shot took place halfway down the court, over everyone else’s head.

As an out-of-shape 58 year old I don’t expect to ever experience the magic of that game as it was for me when I was 13.  I know it was a related ability to autism in some way I don’t quite understand.  Part of how it happened was because I lived in dissociated space where self consciousness did not exist.  I fully expect to be able to recreate that space in the privacy of my own home, hooked to a perfectly tuned electric piano keyboard through head phones.

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I was going to present today a study of these three brain regions that Teicher talked about in his article, Cutting Words May Scar Young Brains, but evidently there were other things I needed to write about.  When I think about his other article, Abuse and Sensitive Periods, from my post +THE ‘TERROR-ABLE’ CONSEQUENCES OF INFANT-CHILDHOOD VERBAL ABUSE, I realize that I already know the truth of what he is saying even if I can’t yet literally understand the specific brain region information he is also writing about.  Right now it is more important to me to get my electric piano keyboard ordered and on its way.  The rest of this study can happen later.

Among those who [solely] experienced parental verbal abuse, three statistically significant disturbed pathways emerged:

— the arcuate fasciculus, involved in language processing;

—  part of the cingulum bundle, altered in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and associated with depression and dissociation; and

part of the fornix, linked to anxiety.  The degree of disruption of the normal flow correlated with the severity of abuse.

PLEASE READ FULL ARTICLE HERE

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+THE ‘TERROR-ABLE’ CONSEQUENCES OF INFANT-CHILDHOOD VERBAL ABUSE

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It is becoming clear to me that I will not be able to approach the topic of ‘teasing’ until I so some serious thinking about verbal abuse in general and about my own infant-childhood experiences with my mother’s severe (from birth) verbal abuse of me.  I have been avoiding this subject until now.  It is going to be an extremely painful one for me to approach and consider.

Research on how all forms of abuse infants and children experience can change the way their brain develops is beginning to specify which brain regions are most susceptible to change during particular time-frames of development.  Because my mother began to abuse me from birth, I suspect that everything about how my brain developed was affected, including the regions of my brain that process verbal information.

Some links are presented below to information related to brain changes and infant-child abuse.  I realize that all this information does is to begin to build the frame of the scaffold I need before I can personally think about verbal abuse.

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February 20, 2009

Cutting Words May Scar Young Brains

Parental Verbal Abuse of Child Appears to Damage Cerebral Pathways

Sticks and stones may break bones, but harsh words may damage a child’s brain. New work from HMS researchers suggests that parental verbal abuse can injure brain pathways, possibly causing depression, anxiety and problems with language processing.”

Word Power
Principal investigator Martin Teicher, HMS associate professor of psychiatry at McLean Hospital, became interested in the effects of parental verbal abuse 25 years ago.   A patient of his showed all of the signs of being traumatized as a child, but the only form of maltreatment she had been exposed to was parental verbal abuse.

Later, in 2005, Teicher’s research revealed that parental verbal abuse has the same negative psychiatric influence as witnessing domestic violence or experiencing extrafamilial sexual abuse.  His latest study, which shows that verbal abuse damages specific brain connections, is part of a strategy to isolate different types of abuse, including witnessing domestic violence, childhood sexual abuse and harsh corporal punishment, and to examine the specific effects of each on the developing brain.  The researchers designed this strategy around a hypothesis that all of these will act as stressors that produce similar responses in the brain but along different sensory pathways, said Teicher.

The study on verbal abuse is the first to be published, though the overall hypothesis on distinctive sensory damage has so far panned out when the unpublished work is also considered.  The findings of this study “set the stage for what we’re seeing in the other ongoing studies—that sensory systems are vulnerable,” said Teicher.   “The brain is probably suppressing the development of sensory systems that are providing adverse input.”   That is, children’s brains seem to “turn down the volume” on abusive words, images and even pain.   The result is diminished integrity in these sensory pathways.

“This is the first evidence of the potential deleterious effect of ridicule, humiliation, and disdain on brain connectivity,” said Jeewook Choi, first author and visiting assistant professor of psychiatry from South Korea.”

Among those who [solely] experienced parental verbal abuse, three statistically significant disturbed pathways emerged: the arcuate fasciculus, involved in language processing; part of the cingulum bundle, altered in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and associated with depression and dissociation; and part of the fornix, linked to anxiety.  The degree of disruption of the normal flow correlated with the severity of abuse.”   PLEASE READ FULL ARTICLE HERE

There’s an incredible photograph at this link showing these three areas of brain changes!

two people who show the same symptoms of depression today may be treated the same. Yet one condition may stem mostly from genetic susceptibility and the other mostly from exposure to childhood adversity. Though the two patients may appear to have the same disorder, “different brain regions or structures may be involved,” said Teicher. “Each may need a very different kind of therapy.”

Teicher and his team are now working to identify sensitive periods when specific brain structures are most susceptible and, if possible, to find ways to reverse the damage.

For now, however, the most important message of this work may be the awareness that parental verbal abuse is damaging. “People hear that spanking is bad, so they stop doing that and become more verbally abusive,” said Teicher. “It turns out, that may be worse.””

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WHEN PARENTS VERBALLY ABUSE ONE ANOTHER THEY CAN BE DAMAGING THEIR INFANT-CHILD’S BRAIN DEVELOPMENT:

The Effects of Verbal Abuse on a Fetus

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Parental Verbal Abuse Affects Brain White Matter

By dr teicher

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Abuse and Sensitive Periods

By dr teicher

Research from my laboratory, and from other labs here and abroad, have shown that exposure to childhood abuse is associated with alterations in brain structure and function.  This research has largely focused on brain regions known to be susceptible to the effects of stress, such as the hippocampus.  We have recently expanded our knowledge regarding the potential adverse effects of abuse by publishing the first preliminary data indicating that the neurobiological consequences of abuse depend on the age of exposure (Andersen et al 2008).

Background

The brain is molded by experiences that occur throughout the lifespan. However, there are particular stages of development when experience exerts either a maximal (sensitive period) or essential (critical period) effect. Little direct evidence exists for sensitive or critical periods in human brain development. Based on differential rates of maturation specific brain regions should have their own unique periods of sensitivity to the effects of early experiences such as stress.

Summary

Within the same group of subjects there were marked differences between regions in the stages of greatest vulnerability.  The hippocampus was particularly sensitive to abuse reported to occur at 3-5 and 11-13 years of age.  In contrast, the rostral body of the corpus callosum was affected by abuse reported to have occurred at ages 9-10, and prefrontal cortex by abuse at ages 14-16.

Discussion

Childhood abuse has been associated with vulnerability to a host of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems. Based on the present findings, there may be different abuse-related syndromes associated with particular stages of abuse and specific regional brain changes.

Identifying sensitive periods may also provide insight into key ages at which stimulation or environmental enrichment may optimally benefit development of specific brain regions.”

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This information comes from the “A Healthy Me” website.

Yelling at Children (Verbal Abuse)

By Benj Vardigan
CONSUMER HEALTH INTERACTIVE

“…current research shows that verbal abuse of children can be just as destructive emotionally as physical and sexual abuse and puts them in as much risk for depression and anxiety.”

What is verbal abuse?

• How common is verbal abuse?
• What are signs that a child is suffering from verbal abuse?
• Does verbal abuse do any long-term harm?
• Why can’t I seem to control my temper?
• What can I do to avoid verbally abusing my child?
• What can I do to prevent someone else from verbally abusing my child or another child?
• What if I see a stranger verbally abusing a child in the supermarket or at the park?

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From the Find Counseling.com website –

“Child Abuse: An Overview” was written by C. J. Newton, MA, Learning Specialist and published in the Find Counseling.com (formerly TherapistFinder.net) Mental Health Journal in April, 2001:
Child Abuse: Just One Story
Child Abuse Introduction |   Signs of Child Abuse
Child Abuse Statistics |   It’s Under Reported
Effects of Child Abuse on Children: Abuse General
Effects of Child Abuse on Children: Child Sexual Abuse
Injuries to Children: Physical and Sexual Abuse
Effects of Child Abuse on Adults: Childhood Abuse
Effects of Child Abuse on Adults: Childhood Sexual Abuse
Definition of Physical Abuse |   Signs of Physical Abuse
Definition of Sexual Abuse |   Signs of Sexual Abuse
Definition of Child Neglect |   Signs of Child Neglect
Definition of Emotional Abuse |   Signs of Emotional Abuse
Abusers |   Pedophiles
Child Physical Abuse and Corporal Punishment
Treatment for Child Abuse
Costs to Society
Conclusions
References
State Child Abuse Laws
Nationwide Crisis Line and Hotline Directory
National Non-Governmental Organizations and Links
U.S. Government Organizations and Links

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Psychiatric News July 7, 2006
Volume 41 Number 13 Page 28
© American Psychiatric Association

  • Clinical & Research News

Parents’ Verbal Abuse Leaves Long-Term Legacy

By Joan Arehart-Treichel

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Here is a website devoted entirely to the subject of VERBAL ABUSE:

ARTICLE:  Verbal Abuse and Children
by Patricia Evans –
Provides information particularly to parents

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From The Parent Zone.com website:

What Are The Effects Of Verbal Abuse On Children?

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This article is one of the ground breaking research papers about how child abuse changes the development of an infant-child’s brain.  This paper is excluding research about how abuse changes the development of the right emotional limbic brain.  It is focused on LEFT BRAIN changes, and presents a ‘preliminary’ study about altered patterns of development in right handed children who do not end up with the usual left hemisphere dominance.  (EEGs are not able to detect the kinds of right brain changes child abuse causes).

This 1998 article is presenting the hypothesis that verbal abuse might be one of the powerful influences that changes how the hemispheres develop in relation to one another with the end result being that information is not processed ‘normally’ by either hemisphere and is not transmitted between hemispheres ‘normally’, either.

Preliminary Evidence for Aberrant Cortical Development in Abused Children

A Quantitative EEG Study

http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/10/3/298

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 10:298-307, August 1998
© 1998 American Psychiatric Press, Inc.

Yutaka Ito, M.D., Ph.D., Martin H. Teicher, M.D., Ph.D., Carol A. Glod, R.N., Ph.D. and Erika Ackerman, B.S.

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Here is another excellent presentation about child abuse written by Dr. Bruce Perry (1997), Incubated in terror: Neurodevelopmental factors in the ‘cycle of violence.’

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The development of dissociation in maltreated preschool-aged children

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Johnson et al 2001

Abstract – Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032, USA.

Childhood verbal abuse and risk for personality disorders during adolescence and early adulthood
Comprehensive Psychiatry, Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 16-23

ABSTRACT:  Data from a community-based longitudinal study were used to investigate whether childhood verbal abuse increases risk for personality disorders (PDs) during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychiatric and psychosocial interviews were administered to a representative community sample of 793 mothers and their offspring from two New York State counties in 1975, 1983, 1985 to 1986, and 1991 to 1993, when the mean ages of the offspring were 5, 14, 16, and 22 years, respectively. Data regarding childhood abuse and neglect were obtained from the psychosocial interviews and from official New York State records.

Offspring who experienced maternal verbal abuse

during childhood were more than three times as likely

as those who did not experience verbal abuse

to have borderline, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and paranoid PDs during adolescence or early adulthood.

These associations remained significant after offspring temperament, childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical punishment during childhood, parental education, parental psychopathology, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.

In addition, youths who experienced childhood verbal abuse had elevated borderline, narcissistic, paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal Personality Disorder symptom levels during adolescence and early adulthood after the covariates were accounted for.

These findings suggest that childhood verbal abuse may contribute to the development of some types of Personality Disorders, independent of offspring temperament, childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, physical punishment during childhood, parental education, parental psychopathology, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders.

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The region in the primate brain that contains mirror neurons corresponds in our human brain to the region, Broca’s area, that processes speech (see page 184 of chapter reference below).  Think about the impact of all forms of adult interactions with infant-children — especially during the rapid-growth brain developmental stages — as you read the following:

“Relational” Mirror Neurons and the Concept of Representation

“Mirror neurons respond only to intentional motor actions. This is the first evidence that there is an area in the motor cortex that can respond specifically and only to goal-directed, relational actions.”  (page 183)

“When mirror neurons are activated, there is a very tight, precise correspondence between a specific motor action and neuron firing. For example, if a neuron responded to an object held between the fingers, it would not respond to the same object held by tweezers. Self-initiated actions and the individual’s perception of the identical action performed by another evoke the same neural response. So it can be said that the monkey’s brain (and ours as well) is intrinsically relational.”” (page 184)

“The discovery of mirror neurons suggests that certain actions may be represented in the mind because they trigger a neural link between self and other. This representation of the other’s action by means of mirror neurons is direct and immediate and does not require any intervening symbolic code or a mental language, as there is an instantaneous mapping from self to other and from other to self. Mirror neurons support ecological theories of perception in that there is an innate coupling between the self and the other: we respond to directly perceived qualities of the other’s intentionality; we do not require coded information.”  (page 185)

READ REST OF CHAPTER HERE

in Imagination and the Meaningful Brain (Philosophical Psychopathology)By Arnold H. Modell (2006), The MIT Press

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“Scientists who use advanced imaging technology to study brain function report that the human brain is wired to reward caring, cooperation, and service. According to this research, merely thinking about another person experiencing harm triggers the same reaction in our brain as when a mother sees distress in her baby’s face. Conversely, the act of helping another triggers the brain’s pleasure center and benefits our health by boosting our immune system, reducing our heart rate, and preparing us to approach and soothe. Positive emotions like compassion produce similar benefits. By contrast, negative emotions suppress our immune system, increase heart rate, and prepare us to fight or flee.”

READ REST OF ARTICLE HERE:  We Are Hard-Wired to Care and Connect by by David Korten

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+THE TOPIC OF TEASING: TOO HARD TO CONSIDER?

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When I turned the next page after the chapter on laughter in Keltner’s book my first reaction was aversion.  This isn’t the aversion of disgust I would feel if someone handed me a white china plate with a serving of dog turds in the center of it.  It’s more the aversion I would feel to continuing down a path once I saw a large diamond back rattler stretched across it.  It’s like the aversion I would feel should I be asked to step up on stage to join a chorus line of showgirls scantily dressed and overly plumed in Las Vegas, or should I be asked to sing the national anthem from the center of a pro football stadium in front of thousands.

That’s a strong negative reaction to the single word that appears at the top of Dr. Dacher Keltner’s 2009 book’s (Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life) next page as the heading for his next chapter:  Teasing.

I am experiencing the ‘freeze, hide and flee’ half of the fight/flight stress reaction.  There’s no ‘fight’ for me here except for the fight I am experiencing inside my self about facing my fears by plowing through a topic that obviously makes me feel completely uncomfortable.  I am presented with a challenge here to which I respond with feelings of incompetence and un-confidence.  I KNOW I am an unequipped gladiator in the arena of normal human teasing.

It is only because of my commitment to reading Keltner’s entire book and to learning about my self as the severe infant-child abuse survivor that I am that I marshal my courage and willingness to pay attention both to the information that Keltner presents and to my own difficulties with it.  I know from my experience of aversion to the topic that there is something important here I need to understand.  I know from the start both that I am not going to like what I find here, and that what I find will reflect a truth about how the severe abuse I experienced from birth changed me into someone who is different from the person I could have become had this severe abuse not happened to me.

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Because my experience of severe infant-child abuse contained very specific, unusual, uncommon and unique patterns, I have found myself falling through nearly every single crack in the ‘psychological’ theories about how child abuse can affect adult survivors.  Because my abuse began at birth, I have had to learn that ‘recovery’ of abilities I supposedly ‘used to have’ before severe trauma happened to me is not possible.  My journey of healing is mostly about what I can uncover and discover connected to what was done to me rather than to recover anything.

I have to connect-the-dots of the information I uncover and discover about being myself in the world in far different ways than non-early severe infant-child abuse survivors might get to.  I cannot take for granted even the most basic facts about what it means to be a member of our social human species.  This is mostly true because my mother didn’t just use one massive club of abuse against me from the time I was born.  She had a second massive club that she wielded over me equally:  extreme social isolation.  Being bludgeoned from birth and for the next 18 years by one of these clubs would have all but obliterated me.  Being attacked on all fronts by a combination of the two clubs has made me into a person who very nearly fits the description of a nonsocial species of one.

I am left having to uncover and discover more of what is uniquely different about me from others than what is similar or the same.  Yet I was born a member of a social species.  Everything that is different for me happens according to categories of experience that I share with all others.  It’s just that within each of these categories of possibilities about what it means to be human and what it feels like to be human, I experience patterns of being-in-the-world that are different for me than for nearly all others.

As I encountered my aversion to Keltner’s chapter heading on teasing it didn’t take me very long in scanning the next pages to understand that the topic of teasing is about one of these socially-human categories.  Although Keltner does not make the obvious connection between teasing and attachment patterns, I do.  In fact, the connection is more than glaringly obvious to me.

I suggest that a clear appraisal of our competency of interactions within the arena of teasing activity can show us the kind of social brain we have.. At the same time this appraisal can tell us about the kinds of infant-child interactions we had with our earliest caregivers while the foundation of our emotional-social brain was built from the time of our birth.

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At the same time that I now want to turn to Keltner’s actual presentation of information on teasing, I am experiencing one of my own inner reactions I wrote about earlier in the week.  I hear that warning:  “Do not enter.  Past this point all angels fear to tread.”  I realize that if I cross this line, move past this point, I am at risk for inviting in The Furies.

At the same time I realize there is a second sign posted beside the first.  This one reads, “You cannot get there from here.”  I don’t even have time to consider what this second sign means before I notice a third one that reads, “What is true for most others is absolutely not true for you.”  Oh!  And a fourth sign!  “If you choose to follow down this pathway you must understand that none of what you will find here can be taken personally.  Whatever you are missing in regard to teasing did not come about through any fault of your own.”

If the presence of all those signs aren’t warning enough that I better consider carefully what I am going to choose to do next, I see a flash of yellow through the trees and underbrush just around a curve of the pathway ahead of me.  I walk toward it and see yellow crime scene plastic ribbons strung across the pathway and wound around the bushes on both sides of the pathway into the forest as far as I can see.  At the same time I see a gleaming silver pair of giant scissors lying on the ground in the center of the path right in front of the tape.

I am standing here thinking about this carefully.  What might the repercussions be for me if I pick up these scissors, snap through that yellow tape and continue forward down this pathway?  What might the ramifications be of gaining conscious knowledge about something my body already knows but has no words to describe?  Would I rather be skinned alive than uncover what I am going to discover about myself in this body-brain in this lifetime should I carefully read this chapter?

Believe me, readers.  This is turning into a really long pause here…….  There are more than a few parts of myself I have to consult with before I can make this decision.

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One thing I know today from the information Keltner presents in his book on this topic.  True teasing in the human social arena is NOT about aggression.  If there is aggression present, it is not teasing.  There is not supposed to be anything terrible — ‘terror able’ — about teasing.   Obviously, for me, there was in my “Something Wicked This Way Comes” version of a childhood.

I should not be surprised, given the continual reign of my mother’s verbal abuse of me (included within her unending repertoire of violence), that her so-called teasing was extremely vicious, hurtful and WRONG — from the time I was born.

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+IN THE PRESENCE OF LAUGHTER WE ARE SAFE, SECURE AND FREE

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The wind is back at dawn today, roaring around my house like a drunken clan of Cyclops giants.  The tall pine in my neighbor’s yard is dancing a wild, frenzied jig in fast motion.  The wind is trying to rip the leaves off the plum tree before they even come out.  The giants are bellowing at me down the water heater chimney in the corner of my kitchen.

The sky grows lighter with the sound of birds perched in the twigs of the quince tree above their pan of water outside my kitchen window.  The light is all gray today.  It seems to be within the clouds across the sky, even in all directions, masking the outlines of the mountains, yet here and there in the west the clouds are outlined with the faintest tints of peach, ecru and tan.

It looks like a day to stay indoors.  My cold has thickened and settled, making me feel feverish and queasy.  Sneezing, I watch droplets of rain appear on the outside of my window.  I am grateful for this roof and these walls of shelter (thinking about my study last weekend about the precuneus part of the brain and its connection to our human sense of shelter and to the self).  Protection for the body of the self and for the self of the self.

I am not so tough that I can’t appreciate these advantages I have being only one of billions who have so much less to keep them protected from so much more.  Without these protecting walls of shelter around me right now, without this sturdy roof, without some source of heat, I would experience this coming day differently.  It strikes me as I read a little more of Dr. Dacher Keltner’s 2009 book, Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life, about laughter that the presence or absence of laughter seems to correspond to the nature of the protection we have inside our self for our self.

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Keltner and his colleague, George Bonanno, designed a long-term study to examine how laughter operated among 45 adults who were grieving for the loss of a much loved spouse who had died within the previous six months.  Here again Keltner does not include any assessment of previous traumas, child abuse or maltreatment, or to degrees of secure or insecure attachment.  By not collecting this information from his participants, he missed the opportunity to learn about how the presence or absence of laughter during a time of personal storms is directly connected to the nature of the sheltering protection a person has for their self.

Yes, he found that laughter appears as a resiliency factor in human grieving.  Yes, laughter appears to be a ‘fitness factor’ that corresponds to the ability to transcend one’s losses so they can flexibly resolve their traumas and move on into the next stages of life.  But I resist the intimation his writings leave with is readers, that there is plainly something innately superior about those who can laugh in the midst of their grief compared to those who cannot so easily access laughter’s power to heal.

My bet is that those who entered into the rooms of Keltner’s experimental laboratory to complete his interviews and have their most minute reactions critically examined brought with them the condition of the shelter of their self built within them through critical developmental stages of their infancy and childhood.  Those who were early traumatized were most likely to have soggy cardboard boxes to live in, if that.  Those who benefited during their development by being given good strong walls and a good strong roof, doors that sealed out the storms and tight, solidly placed windows of course had the corresponding ability to access their laughter within.

What did Keltner and Bonanno find among their 45 participants?

“Measures of laughter (and smiling) predicted reduced grief as assessed at six, fourteen, and twenty-five months postloss.  Duchenne laughter while talking about their deceased spouses were less anxious and depressed, and more engaged in their daily living, for the next two years.  Just as important, people who showed more anger were observed to be experiencing more anxiety, depression, and disengagement from daily living for the next two years.”  (page 142

These researchers continued to study how these grief-triggered reactions appeared in the body of their subjects and observed the following:

“…George and I went on a search for further evidence in support of the benefits of laughter.  Why did laughing while talking about the deceased partner relate to increased personal adjustment?  What we observed were findings very much in keeping with the laughter as vacation hypothesis.  Our first analysis looked at how bereaved individuals’ experience of distress tracked one physiological index of arousal – elevated heart rate.  The bereaved individuals who laughed showed similar heart rate arousal as those who did not laugh.  But whereas our nonlaughers’ feelings of distress closely tracked increases in their heart rate, our laughers’ feelings of distress were decoupled from this physiological index of stress.  Metaphorically, laughers were taking a vacation from the stress of their partners’ deaths, freed from the tension of stress-related physiology.

“We then transcribed their conversations and identified exactly what the bereaved participants were talking about when they laughed.  Here again, data suggest that laughter is not a sign of denial of trauma, as widely assumed, but an indicator of a shift toward a new perspective enabled by the imagination.  We coded participants’ references to several existential themes related to bereavement – loss, yearning, injustice, uncertainty.  We also coded for insight words that reflect a shift in perspective, phrases like “I see” or “from this perspective” or “looking back.”  Our participants who laughed were most likely to be talking about the injustice of death – the unfair termination of life, the difficulties of raising a family alone, the loss of intimacy – but they engaged in this discourse with perspective-shifting clauses.  Laughter was part of these individuals’ shift in viewing the death of their spouses.  It was a portal into a new understanding of their lives.  A laugh is a lightning bolt of wisdom, a moment in which the individual steps back and gains a broader perspective upon their lives and the human condition.

“Finally, our data speak to the social benefits of laughter.  Our bereaved individuals who laughed reported better relations with a current significant other.  They more readily engaged in new intimate relations.”  (pages 143-144)

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I believe that Keltner and Bonanno missed the most important fact that it wasn’t the presence or absence of laughter itself that mattered most in their study.  It was the presence or absence of a safe and secure attachment system, built into these individuals through the nature of their earliest caregiver interactions during their body-brain developmental stages, that either enabled laughter to exist as the resiliency factor it is, or did not.

Laughter is obviously connected to the benefits this research describes.  Yes, it does have the power to modulate the physiological stress response in the body.  Yes it indicates “a shift toward a new perspective enabled by the imagination” because it is a signal of fitness that reflects the conditions of the environment an individual was formed in, by and for.  Yes, laughter is included in autobiographical narratives when it appears in “perspective-shifting clauses” that are part of the telling of a coherent, continuous life story that is most likely to happen for a safe and securely attached-from-birth person.

Transitioning between contrasting mental states, processing information in insightful ways, being able to obtain shifts in perspective, having a “portal into a new understanding” of one’s life, having the capacity to experience “a lightning bolt of wisdom, a moment in which the individual steps back and gains a broader perspective upon their lives and the human condition” all are possible because of safe and secure attachment patterns built into a person’s body-nervous system-brain-mind-self from the start of one’s life.

And of course having these abilities, which stem from a safe and securely built body-brain, means that such a person will have the capacity also to report “better relations with a current significant other” and will be able to “more readily” engage “in new intimate relations.”

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This research is describing the differences between those who have and those who do not have the insurance-policy benefits of safe and secure attachment built into their early developing body-brain.  The presence or absence of laughter is the internal and external signal that clearly indicates the nature of a person’s attachment system.  Our attachment system is itself a signifier of the quality of the world that built each of us in our beginnings.

Our attachment system is about the quality of the protective structure within us that contains our self.  If I had to try to recover from this cold I have outside in the cold wind and rain of today, rather than trying to recover within the adequate home I have that keeps those stormy elements away from me, I would not be likely to recover as well, as quickly, or maybe even at all.  That’s just plain common sense.

So why do we continue to so stubbornly refuse to accept that the conditions of our inward attachment system that directly formed the who and how we are in this world don’t have an equally powerful influence on how we respond to and recover from the trials and tribulations, the storms that happen to us along the pathway of our lives?

If the presence of laughter signifies the existence of a safe and secure inner protective structure for the self, and its absence signifies that this inner protective structure is not safe and secure enough, then I know more about the meaning of laughter in my own life and in the lives of others.  Just as I would want to improve the physical structure of my dwelling if the rain was pouring in the roof and my siding was blowing off, I want to improve the structure surrounding my self.

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It is with this new “light of understanding” about the powerful signifier laughter is of the conditions of my inner shelter that I will share with you something that made me laugh so hard yesterday my sides literally hurt.  I haven’t laughed like that for a long, long time.

Our rural town weekly newspaper always includes a page called “The Police Beat” where the past week’s 911 calls are presented to the public.  I happen to live in this unincorporated outskirt town of 700 people that I found mentioned in the news yesterday.  I was trying to read this entire piece from start to finish over the telephone to my daughter last evening without laughing.  I couldn’t do it:

Jan. 7

A Naco woman reported a large green half snake half something else was in her bathroom.  By the time deputies arrived, the creature was gone.

Of all the descriptions Keltner has presented (above) about laughter, it is his mention of how laughter is “an indicator of a shift toward a new perspective enabled by the imagination” that most caught my attention.  I thought to myself, “Hey!  I can do THAT!”

Reading this report from the sheriff’s call yesterday captivated my imagination.  The words in that report created for me a playground for my imagination – as I suspect it will yours.  Now, thanks to reading Keltner’s book combined with my own insights, I understand more than ever before the critical place that laughter has as a signifier of human well-being.

I will pay ever more close attention to finding the large and often very small places that humor, smiles and laughter might be hidden around me in my life – even if they are hidden in the words of a paper about something that first appeared in someone else’s bathroom – and then did not.  Now I understand more clearly that my attachment system, my home of my self in the world, will be better off for every instant of genuine laughter I can find.

Human laughter, older than words, might well be the most important language we have.  It tells the stories of the better side of life.  In laughter we share both the oldest and best of who we are and what we know.  In the presence of genuine laughter we are most present in the present because in its embrace we are most completely safe, secure and free.

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+NOT INVITING IN THE FURIES

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What I did to myself by writing yesterday’s post was not kind, or gentle, or wise.  Of course I didn’t know at the time that I was putting myself through the clear paces that the part of May Sarton’s poem I posted the other day describes.  Yesterday I innocently invited in The Furies and it has taken 24 hours for the angels, who are also “never far away” to help me reestablish some kind of inner balance.

I am fortunate today that yesterday’s nasty storm seems to have abated.  Today I have what May Sarton mentioned in her poem:

“It is the light that matters,
The light of understanding.
Who has ever reached it
Who has not met the furies again and again:
Who has reached it without
Those sudden acts of grace?

-From “The Angels And The Furies”

I have received comments over time about my writing from several people whose opinions I highly value and appreciate.  They have told me that most of the time my writing is too intellectual, too detached, distant, remote and objective, too sparse of emotion and personal detail.  Well, I can promise you now that “the light that matters, the light of understanding” that I had to suffer through yesterday to GET now clearly tells me that this is just the way I am going to write – because it is all I can afford.

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I might have just as well stood on the thick ice of a raging frozen river yesterday with a lit stick of dynamite in my hands that I used to blow a whole in that ice so that I could crash through it and get swept down that river, under the ice, unable to escape.

I became overwhelmed by sorrow and sadness and spent the rest of my day and night fighting to overcome it.  I did that to myself, and it was not pretty.  I had dumped myself back into a survival mode where I was fighting, absolutely alone, for my life.  My “light of understanding” commitment to myself today is that I don’t care what anyone else says, wants or needs, I will never do that to myself again.  I cannot afford to.

Only those who suffered from the worst-case kinds of terrible infant-child abuse, particularly by their mother from birth can ever begin to understand the devastating power such a FURY has to obliterate a tiny developing self.  Every single possible avenue we could find to survive – because there was no possible way to escape – became a part of the very body-brain we live with.  Yesterday, without realizing it, I violated my own self-protective measures and caused myself the experience of remembering a part of my overwhelming pain.  I will not do that again – Duh!

There is no place within myself that I can return safely to any part of my childhood other than to my experiences with the mountain land of Alaska itself.  Every single other part of my infant-childhood is connected to absolute, fundamental misery.  I learned yesterday that I have needs in the present in order to ever begin to write about the emotions of my experience that I DO NOT HAVE around me in my life today.

First of all, I am sick.  I have a nasty cold, the likes of which I have not suffered for well over 20 years.  My body is the single continuous fortitude of protection I have counted on to carry me through my life from the moment I was born.  I am – quite obviously – at my weakest when my immune system reacts to a physical sickness attack.

Secondly, I am thousands of miles away from my family and my closest friends.  I do not have a therapist.  I cannot afford one and I couldn’t find one competent or capable enough to help me now, anyway.  I choose not to take psychotropic medications, which is usually OK unless I take stupid steps that overwhelm the systems I have in place within myself to keep me in a place of reasonable balance.

I do not have a support system close to me.  I do not have a safety net.  When I took my own steps yesterday to invite The Furies in I did so with good intentions, but I made a big mistake.  By the time I figured this out yesterday, I had crashed through the ice and was gone.  The simplest piece of information I now have as a result of my miserable experience yesterday is that next time I am writing and the words “going where Angels fear to tread” I am going to turn around and run as fast as I possibly can in the other direction!  I received that warning yesterday, and I kept on going.

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Several hours after I posted yesterday I knew exactly the point in my writing yesterday where my lit stick of dynamite exploded and little dissociated me flew to pieces and disappeared into the ice-covered raging river.  I am taking a risk even at this moment by going back and retrieving the phrase that shows where the “perfect storm” was born.  I hear the angels’ warning.  I tell them, “Only these few words.  I hear you.  I am being extra careful.”  I am determined to prove my own point.  Some of readers might have noticed this, anyway.

This was the fulcrum point.  It came in my description of how those that love me loved me during my experience with cancer:

Until I felt what I did last Friday I had no idea how the people who loved me felt as they all traveled thousands of miles, one after the other, to support me and to care for me and to love me as I went through the grueling chemotherapy and eventual surgery that would allow me to remain in their lives.”

I clearly did not think and therefore did not say that these loved ones helped me to REMAIN IN MY OWN LIFE.  I said they helped me to remain in theirs.

Enough said.  You get my point.  I don’t want to invite some giant auger to fall out of the sky on top of my head today to take me down, down, down, down…..

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I am wiser today, even though my cold still has my body in its grip.  I am back up here on the surface of the world where I belong.  I will do things today like rest when I need to, clean the kitchen table off, maybe wash my kitchen floor until it shines in the infrequent moments the sun breaks through the high clouds.

I have “the light of understanding” that I can fully give myself permission to write what I can write the way I can write it.  Yesterday I put myself into the problem of my childhood, not the solution.  I most want to work at understanding what happened to my mother that made her into the monster she was.  I want to understand how the millions of separate, individual terrorizingly brutal encounters I had with her changed me in my development.  I want to make informed connections about the conditions of infant-children that lead to either their increased or decreased well-being throughout their life spans.

If there are in the future people who want to be close with me to support me with their love so that I can enter a space safely and securely in order to ‘go back’ to the emotion and details of my childhood (any more than I already have), it is only THEN that a different level of my writing can appear on this blog.

In the meantime, I am going to let the angels surround me up, down, side to side.  I will take precautions to keep myself in the present and not travel into that dangerous fog as I did yesterday.  Hell is too short, brief, simple and inadequate of a word to even begin to describe the conditions of a severely abused infant-child’s experience is like.  There truly are no words to express or to explain that kind of trauma.  Trying to put those experiences into words can be an extremely dangerous occupation, one that I am not willingly going to participate in again.

Please refer to my previous writings about the dangers of DISCLOSURE.  I need to heed my own words.  Nobody else can do it for me.  I am still fragile today, raw and shaky.  I will go now and do what needs to be done:  BE GOOD TO ME.

As Sarton wrote:

“Able to bless and forgive
Ourselves.
This is what is asked of us.”

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Still brings a smile — watch this video!

TIGER MOTHER ADOPTS PIGLETS

And, MORE TO THE STORY with MORE PICTURES

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+EMOTIONAL BLINDNESS – WONDERING WHAT LOVE IS

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I am trying to think about an emotional experience I had the other day so that I can write about it.  At the same time I realize I cannot think about it separately from writing about it.  If my words don’t follow themselves across a page they disappear like lemmings over a cliff into oblivion.  Partly this is true because I am in an inner battle with ambiguity.  If I write this piece most of the ambiguity will vanish.  But because of the 18 years of abuse I suffered from my severe Borderline mother, her brain patterns were built into me, and it’s a known fact that Borderlines DO NOT LIKE ambiguity as A. J. Mahari describes:

Borderlines have not learned how to relate in healthy ways. Borderlines have not experienced the world as loving, fair or trustworthy place. Borderline ambiguity is born from the two-faced damage of the betrayal of a parent, both parents and or one’s primary care-givers.

What I experienced the other day that I MAYBE want to understand has to do with the fact that not once in the 18 years of my childhood did I ever feel loved by either my mother or by my father.  I have written before that one of the main reasons I believe I did not turn out just like my mother is that nobody ever betrayed me the way my child-mother was betrayed.

Nobody ever loved me.  Nobody pretended to love me.  I was not exposed to what were the devastating effects of the conditional love my grandparents used to manipulate my mother and destroy her brain-mind.  I was just plain hated without hope of reprieve.  Yet at the same time the underlying lack of awareness of what it feels like not to be truly loved affects me just as it affected my mother.  The love circuitry from safe and secure attachment with early caregivers was not built correctly into either my mother’s or my own early forming body-brain-mind-self – or later forming one, either.

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My inner battle with ambiguity today is about whether or not I want to face some of what this means to and for me.  Am I better off not knowing what an examination of my last week’s experience can show me about who and how I am in the world?  Is it helpful for me to follow my own thoughts in my writing to some more unambiguous place where I will be out of this thick enveloping fog of not knowing what this experience has to teach me?

I both want to know at the same time I don’t want to know.  Do I stay right here in this murky ambiguous place or do I choose to take a step in my next thoughts toward the light of clarity?  At the same time I ask myself this question I understand that right here is a place where I can differentiate my own self from my mother.  I can make this choice.  My mother could not.

This does not mean that taking this step toward differentiation from my mother’s brain-mind as she formed herself into mine is easy.  This does not mean that stepping toward the light of conscious reflection and illumination, toward understanding of the truth is easy.  It just means that for me, unlike for my mother, taking this step is possible.

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Unlike what Leigh Eric Schmidt, the Charles Warren Professor of the History of Religion in America at Harvard Divinity School might say, I do not believe it is possible for humans to have any experience of themselves in the world that does not directly involve their brain’s processing of information.  The 18 years of severe abuse I suffered from my mother built the brain I now have to use to try to understand all of my experiences of myself in my life.  Today’s excursion into exploring my last week’s experience is no exception.

Nearly all of the associational processes that went on behind the closed doors of my mother’s mind happened completely outside the range of her consciousness attention.  My mother was a dangerous, violently explosive madwoman.  Growing up, I knew about her violence but I did not know about her madness.  How could I?  It had greeted me with the first breath I ever took in this world and it continued unabated throughout all my developmental stages until I was 18.

As a result of the free rein (and free reign) my mother had in her home to do anything she wanted to, there was always only one single pattern for me.  She erupted, hurt me, and I suffered.  All that suffering built me as it built itself into me, and it was never accompanied by any experience of love.

As a young infant-child grows into its body-brain-mind-self, it is supposed to be helped to differentiate experience.  It is supposed to learn that it exists as a separate entity, and it is supposed to form not only its own stable self, but also a clear stable connection to this self.  All of this process is negotiated through the experience of emotion.  Emotions have to become ever more clearly differentiated from one another so that the self can have access to its own information about being in the world.

I did not go through ANY of these differentiation stages of development normally.  My mother overwhelmed me from the moment I was born.  Because my mother did not succeed at physically killing me, she did not succeed at completely obliterating me.  But she did very successfully limit my options of experience down to one.  She made me suffer.

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My mother overwhelmed me with the scourge of her hatred of who she imagined me to be at every step of my infant-childhood that she possibly could.  I see the image of someone continually trying to dump a thousand gallons of gasoline into a tiny little perfume bottle.  My mother effectively did this to me for 18 long years.  I did not escape unscathed.

There were dire consequences of my survival, most of which I will never know.  However, the experience I had last week dropped into the middle of one of them.  I was blindsided by my own emotional blindness.  Can I grab the lantern of my best intentions and spark within it the blazing light of my willingness to learn? Am I willing to go back into the depths of that enveloping fog of sorrow (in my body and in my brain) and take some part of myself back out into clarity?  Is there some new in-sight here for me that is mine and that I really can’t do without?

Yes.  To all these questions I choose to answer “Yes.”  I will walk past these grasping, numbing shadows of doubt.  I will shed this burden of “Shame on you, Linda, for not being a better woman than you are.”  I will not be afraid of my tears.  I will not be afraid that what I will say here or what I will find here will make those who love me, love me any less.

It is not my fault that my mother cut my wings off so that I cannot ever fly in the prosocial world that most others seem to me to take so for granted. “So take your scrawny little bird legs and hop on with this, Linda.  You can do it.  I know that you can.  Go where the angles might fear to tread and know that as you go, they will go with you.”

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Last August I was given the gift of being able to reconnect with one of our closest Alaskan homesteading neighbors in my childhood.  I haven’t heard her voice.  I haven’t seen her.  We correspond via email.

Against all rational logic, I love her.  Our connection means a great, great deal to me.  This woman, now 83, lives well over a thousand miles away from me.  I do not have her telephone number.  While I know she is very busy taking care of herself, her husband, her household and preparing to leave their home to move into an addition her son is building on his house for her, when I hadn’t received an email from her from last Monday to last Friday, I felt like a bomb went off inside of me.

It’s easy to say that given what I know about my unsafe and insecure attachment patterns in my body-brain that of course I would be upset.  Yet ‘of course’ doesn’t give me enough information to understand what I felt.  I became terrified that she was either gravely ill or had died.  I believed on some level of my being that she had been called home through the veil to help the 100,000 Haitian earthquake victims cross over to the next world.  Nothing I could find to tell myself would sooth the depths of my growing sorrow.

I have been much blessed in my lifetime that none of my three children have been threatened by sickness or harm.  My siblings are all safe and well.  Even though I continue to grieve for the loss of the man I am in love with from my life, never before last Friday did I feel the depths of that kind of sorrow and fear that someone I loved was in trouble and there was nothing I could do about it.

Most fortunately I had the telephone number of my friend’s son in Alaska.  Through him I was finally able to find out that his mother was just fine.  Never before, either, had I felt that powerful sense of gratitude and relief at hearing this good news.

Now, I suspect that if I had a normally-formed prosocial body and brain I would have been able to take all of this in stride and gone on with my life.  But thanks to the consequences of my mother’s abuse this didn’t happen.  This experience touched the depths of my attachment woundedness in ways I could not understand.  I had felt something new in a way I had never felt it before.

++++

Most of the normal prosocial emotional differentiation circuits and their corresponding connection to people I care about in my life are missing in my brain.  This experience I am describing opened up a circuit for me that I don’t believe ever existed before.  The mystery of my experience with these emotions led me to ask my daughter two days later after I had expressed to her how I had felt, “Is that something like all of you felt when you found out I had cancer?”

My daughter paused, and answered, “Yes, mother.  That’s how we felt.”

++++

What can I say through my tears as I write now that can help me understand what this means to me?  First, I feel terribly sad for my children and for others who love me that it is so nearly impossible for me to comprehend, let alone feel on an emotional level, what it feels like to be loved.  I have to absolve myself of any responsibility for this fact.  It is not my intention to hurt anyone by depriving them of the fullness of the experience of sharing their love for me.  At the same time I am grateful that they both love me, and can experience the fullest spectrum of attachment feelings toward me.

That I cannot participate equally with them in the depths of these life-love experiences is not my fault.  Until I felt what I did last Friday I had no idea how the people who loved me felt as they all traveled thousands of miles, one after the other, to support me and to care for me and to love me as I went through the grueling chemotherapy and eventual surgery that would allow me to remain in their lives.  I know they all love me.  They show me they all love me.  I believe they mean what they say.  But it is nearly impossible for me to FEEL their love inside my own body-brain-mind-self because those circuits were never built inside of me during the first 18 years of my life from the time of my birth.

At the same time I realize that I am now perhaps a fraction of an inch closer to knowing what it FEELS like to be loved, at age 58 I also realize that my emotional blindness is not likely to ever be completely removed from me in my lifetime.  I also understand that part of the pattern of attachment I feel to this homesteading neighbor comes from body memories I have of interactions with her in my childhood that were positive, and were among the very few truly kind and genuine, warm adult interactions I ever had in those miserable 18 years.

Yet I cannot consciously remember this woman.  She has generously sent me photographs of her and her husband from those long-past years, and they help me a great deal as I try to connect the unconscious memories of my childhood to the present day facts of what a wonderful woman this homesteading neighbor truly is.

At the same time I realize I will always struggle with allowing myself to form deep affectionate bonds with other people.  To love is to risk.  I believe that although my mother was able to steal from me the physiological foundations of what it feels like to BE LOVED, she did not remove from me my own ability to deeply love others.  The powers to give love seem to me to operate differently than do the powers of being able to feel love from others.

Of course I don’t know this to be true and I probably never will know for sure.  I imagine my brain to be similar in some ways to the autistic brain given the severe conditions of harm and deprivation in my infant-childhood that interfered with my emotional-social brain’s development.  There is on one in my life who truly loves me that does not also know about my childhood.  They do not have to question their love for me.  They do not have to wonder or guess or doubt.  And they don’t love me any less because I do.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

ON BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER:

  • Symptoms of BPD
  • Finding a BPD Therapist
  • BPD on the Internet
  • Self-Harm Explained
  • When You Encounter Splitting
  • +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  • +SOMETHING WENT TERRIBLY WRONG WITH MY MOTHER’S PRECUNEUS

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    What do we know and what are we learning about what might be the ‘seat of the self’ within the neural networks of the brain?  Inquiring minds want to know, and mine is certainly one of those inquiring minds.

    How could a human being come to hate a newborn infant?  What happened in my mother’s early brain-forming stages of infant-child development that so altered the way her brain worked that she could severely abuse me for 18 years from the moment of my birth?  What was wrong with her SELF?

    An article traveled to me through the circuitous route of a Yahoo.com group I recently joined that has me on a run down Brain Neuroscience Way.  What intrigues me most about it is not that neuroscientists discovered brain patterns of activation among people as they read particular concrete nouns that match one another to the point that the researchers could accurately predict how these particular words would show up in action in people’s brains — without watching the actual brains in action.

    In other words, this article is about how humans are becoming able to watch other people’s thoughts as they think them — and predict the manner of commonality of similar brain activation patterns in others.  See my working note pages on this 2010 research study HERE.

    What struck me as I carefully studied this intricate research report is that the region of the brain that responded to the concept of ‘shelter’ as presented in related concrete nouns has also been implicated in other research as being the possible seat of the self — of consciousness, self-reflection, image processing, and autobiographical memory.  Is it possible that all of my mother’s brain early brain developmental changes completely interfered with the development and operation of this area of her brain (along with a host of others?)

    This next article then came into my view today entitled The Precuneus and Consciousness by Andrea E. Cavanna, MD. (click on this link and scroll down a page to get to the main article — it’s fascinating).  This article is a continued presentation of information about this particular brain region I find intriguing, especially the part I put into bold type below.  The abstract to this 2007  study states:

    “This article reviews the rapidly growing literature on the functional anatomy and behavioral correlates of the precuneus, with special reference to imaging neuroscience studies using hamodynamic techniques. The precuneus, along with adjacent areas within the posteromedial parietal cortex, is among the most active cortical regions according to the “default mode” of brain function during the conscious resting state, whereas it selectively deactivates in a number of pathophysiological conditions (ie, sleep, vegetative state, drug-induced anesthesia), and neuropsychiatric disorders (ie, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia) characterized by impaired consciousness. These findings, along with the widespread connectivity pattern, suggest that the precuneus may play a central role in the neural network correlates of consciousness. Specifically, its activity seems to correlate with self-reflection processes, possibly involving mental imagery and episodic/autobiographical-memory retrieval.”

    ++++

    I strongly suspect that these same altered patterns will be found to occur within a severe Borderline Personality Disorder brain — like my mother’s was.  I see all the signs of this being true.  I just have to study this further to make my own connections.

    The 2010 article I mentioned above suggested to me that in the early evolutionary origins of the human ability to begin to have a self probably used the same brain circuitry that we currently use to process shelter-related information as it relates to containment and ‘boundaries’ having to do with what is either inside or outside of an individual self.  That is, if things go right during one’s brain development.

    My mother included ME as a part of her own projected self-identification.  She could not tell that I was separate from her.  It is a known characteristic of the Borderline condition that self-reflection processes do not operate normally.  Because of patterns of dissociation built into the early brain when neglect, maltreatment and abuse is present in an infant-child’s environment, I believe the ability to recall one’s own self in episodic, autobiographical memory retrieval is also fundamentally changed.

    I am obviously on a mission to understand what happened to my mother to make her into the terrible, terrifying, terrorizing monster that she was.  She did not have a stable brain that operated like normal people’s brains do.  My search for information about the operation of the precuneous region of the brain involves a search for the seat not only of the self, but of consciousness that makes having a separate, individual, private self possible in the first place.

    I will keep you posted on my progress as I make my way next through Cavanna’s 2007 article.  In reality, I am searching for my lost true mother.  Where was the self of my Borderline mother?  What happened to her?  When and how did she get lost?

    And more importantly, how can learning about the precuneus region of our brain help us to understand how safe and secure early infant-child attachment operates to help a human being develop a clear, healthily boundaried structure of the self within a sanctuary of its own within the brain-mind?

    The precuneus, a long neglected cortical area located in the posteromedial aspect of the parietal lobe, has received particular attention over the last few years, since the functional neuroimaging era has started unravelling unexpected patterns of behavioral correlates. Specifically, the precuneus represents a key region in the interlinked network of the “default mode” brain areas (ie, a midline fronto-parietal core) that shows high metabolic activity during conscious rest and selectively deactivates during non-self-directed cognitive tasks.”

    “…it seems reasonable to assume that precuneus activity influences an extensive network of cortical and subcortical structures involved in elaborating highly integrated and associative information, rather than directly processing external stimuli.

    Furthermore, this model is neuroanatomically acceptable in that the identified regions comprise a network of areas that are relatively distant (as measured by cortico-cortical connections) from primary sensory areas and could thus be expected to participate primarily in conceptual rather than perceptual functions. Overall, during the baseline resting state this neural system is likely to be engaged in higher mental functions involving something similar to contemplative thought against a background of general body awareness, upon which any extended consciousness is constructed.”  (Cavanna 2007)

    My mother’s version of ‘higher mental’ functioning seemed to be as disintegrated as was her capacity to experience ‘contemplative thought’.  I think there was something terribly wrong with my mother’s precuneus.   If having a clearly defined conscious self was a late developing advantage that evolution gave to humans, my mother didn’t get one.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    +IT WASN’T FUNNY: THE BUZZARD THAT ATE MY MOTHER

    ++++++++++++++++++

    Shared laughter might just be the ultimate in human-to-human cooperative communication.  It has long been my suspicion that when researchers say that severe infant-child deprivation and trauma can create an ‘evolutionarily altered brain’ that is designed for life in a malevolent rather than a benevolent world that they are actually describing two different kinds of brain-body-mind self development.

    Either we grow into our early body-brain information about plenty of available, necessary resources that allows cooperation to be fruitful or we grow into our early body-brain information that there are so few vital resources that cooperation is not going to really solve anything.  In this latter malevolent world environment ‘survival of the fittest’ and ‘kill or be killed’ can rule supreme.  This connection to human past evolutionary conditions means that at such times in our evolutionary past existence, when the world was an impossible place for very many to survive in, individual development may well have been pushed into the direction of non-cooperation at the same time it was pushed toward competition.

    When I look at all the aspects I know about my mother, it is now easy for me to say she was formed in an unfit early environment that changed her in through her earliest development to be an unfit mother.  The unfitness of her early world was retained within her body-brain and communicated to me, and to her entire family by her actions.  These actions included what she DID do as well as what she DID NOT do in regard to her children.

    She did try to annihilate me.  She did not express genuine smiles or laughter.  The absence of these high profile prosocial signals communicated ‘reproductive unfitness’ in a malevolent world as powerfully as did her complete dysregulated emotional states, her impulsive actions including rage and violence, her twisted view of reality, her overall dissatisfaction with her life and her total unhappiness.

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    The more I learn about how early caregiver interactions between an infant-child and its earliest caregivers directly communicate either safety and security of the world or its opposite to a little one’s developing body-brain, the less puzzling and mysterious my mother’s insanely abusive treatment of me becomes.  Early human development is designed to prepare an individual for life in a ‘good’ or a ‘bad’ world, and the resulting person they become simply reflects the degrees of plenty or of deprivation that their earliest world contained.

    Input early on becomes output later on.  Early infant-child input from safe and secure attachment with caregivers gives the developing body-brain information about a good enough world.  The little one knows they are not alone, that they are connected within a species-wide social fabric that tells their body-brain that cooperation can exist because it does exist.  The infant does not receive signals that it is not only completely alone, but that the environment is dangerous, toxic, deprived, malevolent, overwhelming and without adequate resources.  A safely and securely attached infant-child receives information about the opposite kind of this kind of world and its entire development happens along the cooperative end of the prosocial human continuum.

    In order for an infant to grow and develop a prosocial body-brain, it has particular needs throughout the critical-window stages of its growth.  A prosocial human must first have its attachment needs met so that it can move forward in its development successfully.  Safe and secure attachment interactions include the presence of adequate and appropriate caregiving.  Building a prosocial human requires that more than an infant-child’s basic physical needs must be met.

    A prosocially-built human has to experience repeated, consistent patterns of appropriate prosocial interactions with its caregivers from birth as its body-brain grows.  Secure attachment builds a prosocial, regulated emotional-social brain so that the infant is prepared to enter its next exploratory stage of development.  After that stage has been successfully completed, the infant-child continues to grow its own prosocial connection to its self along with its prosocial connection to others.  It moves into the caregiving stages that allow the infant to use empathy skills and to consider the existence of others as it builds its Theory of Mind.

    From its earliest experiences an infant has received patterns of cooperative and/or competitive signals based on the quality and nature of its early caregiver interactions that have – I say again – both built the young body-brain and built themselves into it.  There is no magic here, no errors, no mistakes.  Nature has determined that the ability to flexibly adapt one’s earliest development to the conditions of the external environment is the most pro-life thing to do.

    If one’s early world was both pro-life and prosocial, BINGO.  A balanced, positively cooperative-competitive person will come out the other end of childhood.  If one’s early world was in actuality malevolent and anti-life, well, we can all imagine the end result of this.  It is easy to see that the opposite end of prosocial is antisocial – and here we have a description of what happened to my mother.

    ++++

    An young infant-child is a ‘show me’ kind of critter.  Human interactions directly communicate conditions of a safe and secure prosocial benevolent cooperative world to a tiny one as these patterns build its body-brain.  Its basic physical needs must be met along with its basic social ones.  Most importantly, safety and security happen are communicated socially by direct mirroring interactions between an infant-child and its caregivers.

    For a prosocial person to grow out of early experiences, these interactions have to happen in a safe and secure early environment that allows for and includes smiles and laughter through playful interactions from birth.  Degrees of deprivation and trauma will be directly communicated to a developing little one by the absence of these interactions just as they equally would be communicated by the actual direct presence of violence and abuse.

    It seems logical to conclude that in an abusive home the presence of trauma is coupled equally with the absence of smiling, laughter and play (those prosocial interactions that communicate safe and secure attachment in a safe and secure world).  I accept this to be a true fact, BUT in cases such as my mother’s was, I suspect a third extremely important influence.

    If the one wing of a devouring buzzard is trauma, and the other wing of this devouring buzzard is the absence of happiness, the third negative influence for my mother was the deprivation caused by outright neglect.  Here we have the tail of the buzzard that devoured my mother’s chances for having a good life of well-being.  While my mother came out of her childhood grown into an adult body, the truth of the matter was that she was actually road kill.  Nothing was left for her but to wait for the buzzard of a malevolent infant-childhood to gradually devour her carcass.

    ++++

    Yes, that assessment of my mother’s state and condition is extremely dark and grim, but believe me, there was nothing prosocial about my mother.  While obviously her most basic physical needs were met from birth that allowed her shell of a body to keep on living, what she needed to be given to grow into a cooperative prosocial human being was not.  I can see that gigantic buzzard that overshadowed her life.  It had one wing of trauma, one wing of anti-happiness, and long destabilizing tail feathers of the early neglect of nothing-at-all.

    Even if an infant-child’s earliest world cooperates enough with the little one to provide for its basic physical needs, if it does not cooperate enough to provide for its basic emotional and social needs, such an infant will not grow a prosocial cooperation-built body or brain.  I have spent a lot of time thinking about factors that influenced my development versus those that might have influenced my mother that made me into a different kind of person than my mother was.

    While I know some things as fact about my mother’s early life, there is much I will never know.  But if I look at how she turned out – full of unresolved trauma and without prosocial abilities – I can make some pretty educated (and I believe correct) important guesses.

    My mother’s family had money.  They lived in what I would consider to be a pretty affluent gargantuan house.  I have it in my grandmother’s own written word that after five years of marriage without the arrival of desired children, by the time my grandmother became pregnant her husband had decided he did not want to be bothered.  My mother’s brother was born first.  I suspect that any possible joy at the prospect of parenting that the combined force of my grandfather and grandmother could muster was used up giving minimal attention to their son.

    Two years later when my mother was born in 1925, I seriously doubt there was much left of parental affection left in my grandparents’ home.  I absolutely intuitively know that my mother was placed in some remote area of this huge house and tended by a maid-nanny.  I knew about my mother being cared for by a nanny before the facts recently came to light from my nephew’s search of the Mormon genealogical database that included from the 1929 census not only that the nanny-maid was in the house, but also what her name was.

    Because my mother could be bottle fed, leaving her alone for extended periods of time in her little crib was not much of a problem.  I have no doubt that the outright neglect of her fundamental emotional and social developmental needs led to a large degree to her disabled prosocial body-brain.  Coupled with whatever other erroneous and cruelly stupid remnants of Victorian-age parenting practices that tormented and terrorized my mother, her earliest history of being left absolutely alone harmed her beyond repair.

    My mother was left to build a body-brain-mind-self that included not the knowledge of resource plenty within a prosocial cooperative environment, but rather knowledge of how to endure and survive within a competitive environment that did not include adequate resources.  There was no ‘sharing’ in my mother’s world.  Prosocial neurological circuits and pathways did not build themselves into her body-brain.  Antisocial ones did.

    ++++

    I consider the continual presence of my loving 14-month-old brother during the earliest months of my life to be the single most important influence on the direction my development took differently than my mother’s.  I do not believe that my mother’s two-year-old brother offered to her the saving interactions that my brother offered to me.  My brother’s loving, positive contact with me allowed those prosocial interactions to find their way into my physiological development.  I do not believe my mother had such a most important ally.

    I had the chance to mutually smile, to mutually laugh and to mutually play with my little brother.  Because my mother’s psychosis of competitive hatred of me did not happen with her (and my father’s) most cherished first born son, my brother had been given what he needed from the time of his birth to safely and securely attach to baby me.  My mother thought my brother’s love for me was cute.  She considered it acceptable and entertaining not because it benefited me, but because it was related to her positive feelings for him.  (My intuitions about this pattern were clearly confirmed when I found my mother’s written description of my brother as she ‘pretended’ to write about my six-week infant checkup.)

    As I grew into my older toddler months, my mother did intervene and increasingly isolated me from interacting with my brother.  But the good had been done and nothing my mother could ever do to me afterwards could alter those prosocial patterns my brother’s interaction with me had built into me.  I had cooperated with my brother in a mutually shared environment of positive interaction and those interactions broke the back of the buzzard that would have followed me all the days of my life as surely as it followed my mother.

    ++++

    All these words that I have just written came to me today because I wanted to talk about what comes next in Dr. Dacher Keltner’s 2009 book, Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life about laughter as a prosocial exchange of cooperative intent between humans.  I had one of those light-bulb moments of “Ah Ha!” illumination today when I read Keltner’s words that follow.  The words literally jumped off of the page and emblazoned themselves within my body-brain-mind-self the way truth can do when you find it.  I will share these words with you.  Be prepared.  They have the power to change everything you know about yourself in the world.  I know that, because they changed me.

    Keltner wrote:

    Recent neuroscience evidence suggests that when we hear others laugh, mirror neurons represent that expressive behavior and quickly activate action tendencies and experiences that simulate the original laugh in the listener’s brain.  Specifically, laughter triggers activation in a region of the motor cortex in the listener, the supplementary motor area (SMA).  Bundles of neurons leaving the SMA go to the insula and the amygdala, thus triggering the experience of mirth and amusement in the perceiver of the laugh.  When we hear others laugh, this system of mirror neurons acts as if the listener is laughing.”  (page 134)

    ++++

    There is a universe of information in this paragraph.  I already know that patterns of infant-caregiver mirroring interactions (or their absence) create the foundation of our brain from the time we are born.  The light went on for me when I read these words particularly in regard to my mother’s complete inability to participate in exchanges of genuine laughter.  Her body-brain-mind-self could never magically recreate what was never built into her in the first place.  At the same time I instantly KNEW this I saw the buzzard I described above.

    I leave you with a few Google search results that you can explore in order to begin to understand how profoundly the absence of a safe and secure early environment of mirroring prosocial interactions involving smiles, laughter and play changed your own abusive early caregiver into a ‘monster’.  Believe me, the information on the other end of these links is only the beginning tip of a very big iceberg that tells me more about the terrible abuse my mother did to me than will any self-help book I can ever find to read

    Empower yourself – take a look at these:

    child abuse brain development mirror neurons

    child abuse brain development laughter

    child neglect brain development smiles

    child abuse brain development amygdala

    child abuse brain development insula

    child abuse brain development borderline

    child neglect brain development borderline

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    +CHILD ABUSE SURVIVORSHIP – info and links

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++

    CHILD ABUSE SURVIVORSHIP IN THE NEWS:

    Childhood Trauma May Shorten Life By 20 Years

    CDC Research Finds Problems in Childhood Can Be Lifelong

    By JOSEPH BROWNSTEIN
    ABC News Medical Unit

    Oct. 6, 2009

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++

    I want to pause for a moment from the ongoing themes of my present writing to mention again the important work being done by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in regard to tracking the longterm consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) including child maltreatment, traumas and abuse.

    But first I want to let you know about an interesting website I found while pursuing a Google search on the ACE study called The Survivor Archives Project.  This is a trauma hope and healing site that invites readers to personally submit to their archives, journal and library.

    ++++

    The CDC-ACE study is not without limitations.  All 17,421 participants were insurance members which means that information from the many other uninsured levels of our society were not included.   If they had been (or are in the future) how much more child abuse connected lifelong adult devastation would be seen?

    I would like to see the model of this study expanded through the use of the ACE questionnaires in a far wider variety of settings, preferably included in every human well-being study our nation produces.  At the moment, I want to simply highlight the important work the CDC has been doing over the past 14 years with its studies of the consequences of child abuse for survivors for your thought and consideration by presenting some information from their website on Adverse Childhood Experiences as follows:

    The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study is one of the largest investigations ever conducted on the links between childhood maltreatment and later-life health and well-being. As a collaboration between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kaiser Permanente’s Health Appraisal Clinic in San Diego, Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) members undergoing a comprehensive physical examination provided detailed information about their childhood experience of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction. Over 17,000 members chose to participate. To date, over 50 scientific articles have been published and over 100 conference and workshop presentations have been made.

    The ACE Study findings suggest that these experiences are major risk factors for the leading causes of illness and death as well as poor quality of life in the United States. Progress in preventing and recovering from the nation’s worst health and social problems is likely to benefit from the understanding that many of these problems arise as a consequence of adverse childhood experiences.

    Here is one website about the study:

    The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study:  Bridging the gap between childhood trauma and negative consequences later in life.

    ++++

    About the study:

    The ACE Study was initiated at Kaiser Permanente from 1995 to 1997, and its participants are over 17,000 members who were undergoing a standardized physical examination. No further participants will be enrolled, but we are tracking the medical status of the baseline participants.

    Each study participant completed a confidential survey that contained questions about childhood maltreatment and family dysfunction, as well as items detailing their current health status and behaviors. This information was combined with the results of their physical examination to form the baseline data for the study.

    The prospective phase of the ACE Study is currently underway, and will assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, health care use, and causes of death.

    More detailed scientific information about the study design can be found in “The relationship of adult health status to childhood abuse and household dysfunction,”* published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine in 1998, Volume 14, pages 245-258.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    The ACE Pyramid represents the conceptual framework for the Study. During the time period of the 1980s and early 1990s information about risk factors for disease had been widely researched and merged into public education and prevention programs. However, it was also clear that risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, and sexual behaviors for many common diseases were not randomly distributed in the population. In fact, it was known that risk factors for many chronic diseases tended to cluster, that is, persons who had one risk factor tended to have one or more others.

    Because of this knowledge, the ACE Study was designed to assess what we considered to be “scientific gaps” about the origins of risk factors. These gaps are depicted as the two arrows linking Adverse Childhood Experiences to risk factors that lead to the health and social consequences higher up the pyramid. Specifically, the study was designed to provide data that would help answer the question: “If risk factors for disease, disability, and early mortality are not randomly distributed, what influences precede the adoption or development of them?” By providing information to answer this question, we hoped to provide scientific information that would be useful for the development of new and more effective prevention programs.

    The ACE Study takes a whole life perspective, as indicated on the orange arrow leading from conception to death. By working within this framework, the ACE Study began to progressively uncover how childhood stressors (ACE) are strongly related to development and prevalence of risk factors for disease and health and social well-being throughout the lifespan.

    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Major Findings

    Childhood abuse, neglect, and exposure to other traumatic stressors which we term adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are common. Almost two-thirds of our study participants reported at least one ACE, and more than one in five reported three or more ACE. The short- and long-term outcomes of these childhood exposures include a multitude of health and social problems. The ACE Study uses the ACE Score, which is a count of the total number of ACE respondents reported. The ACE Score is used to assess the total amount of stress during childhood and has demonstrated that as the number of ACE increase, the risk for the following health problems increases in a strong and graded fashion:

    • alcoholism and alcohol abuse
    • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • depression
    • fetal death
    • health-related quality of life
    • illicit drug use
    • ischemic heart disease (IHD)
    • liver disease
    • risk for intimate partner violence
    • multiple sexual partners
    • sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
    • smoking
    • suicide attempts
    • unintended pregnancies

    In addition, the ACE Study has also demonstrated that the ACE Score has a strong and graded relationship to health-related behaviors and outcomes during childhood and adolescence including early initiation of smoking, sexual activity, and illicit drug use, adolescent pregnancies, and suicide attempts. Finally, as the number of ACE increases the number of co-occurring or “co-morbid” conditions increases.

    Content source: Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Questionnaires – AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE

    This is the simplest version of the ACE questionnaire I have seen that consists of ten questions:  What’s YOUR ACE Score?  Help me calculate my ACE Score.

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    THE ACE SCORE:

    The ACE Study used a simple scoring method to determine the extent of each study participant’s exposure to childhood trauma.  Exposure to one category (not incident) of ACE, qualifies as one point.  When the points are added up, the ACE Score is achieved.  An ACE Score of 0 (zero) would mean that the person reported no exposure to any of the categories of trauma listed as ACEs above.  An ACE Score of 10 would mean that the person reported exposure to all of the categories of trauma listed above.  The ACE Score is referred to throughout all of the peer-reviewed publications about the ACE Study findings

    Below are the links to the actual forms used (and to be used) for research purposes.

    The Family Health History and Health Appraisal questionnaires were used to collect information on childhood maltreatment, household dysfunction, and other socio-behavioral factors examined in the ACE Study. The questionnaires are not copyrighted and there are no fees for their use. As a courtesy, a copy of articles on any research conducted using items from the questionnaires is requested.

    Family Health History Questionnaire

    Male Version (PDF–190K)

    Female Version (PDF–180K)

    Health Appraisal Questionnaire

    Male Version (PDF–85K)

    Female Version (PDF–89K)

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Adverse Childhood Experiences Definitions

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Future Directions

    The ACE study is now in its 10th year and the prospective phase is currently underway. In this ongoing stage of the study, data are being gathered from various sources including outpatient medical records, pharmacy utilization records, and hospital discharge records to track the subsequent health outcomes and health care use of ACE Study participants. In addition, an examination of National Death Index records will be conducted to establish the relationship between ACE and mortality among the ACE Study population.

    International interest in replications of the ACE Study is growing. At present there is knowledge of efforts to replicate the ACE Study or use its questionnaire in Canada, China, Jordan, Norway, the Philippines and the United Kingdom. In Puerto Rico, the link between women’s cardiovascular health risks and ACE are under study. In addition, the World Health Organization has included the ACE Study questionnaires as an addendum to the document Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Guide to Taking Action and Generating Evidence. (October 2006*) (PDF)

    +++++++++++++++++++++++++++

    Related Links

    CDC Resources

    CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

    CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control

    Other Government Resources

    The Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families

    Research Institutes

    American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children*

    International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect*

    Family Research Laboratory*

    Voluntary Organizations

    Prevent Child Abuse America*

    Childhelp USA*

    Victim Assistance

    National Children’s Advocacy Center*

    Chadwick Center*

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    Overview Article:

    Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study.
    American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998;14:245-258.

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    New Publication: Childhood Stress and Autoimmune Disease in Adults

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    PUBLICATIONS ON MAJOR FINDINGS BY:

    Health Outcomes

    Publication Year

    A Video Series on:  THE ACE STUDY

    The ACE PyramidACE Study Links Childhood Trauma—  These results, appearing in the November 2009 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, are the latest from the ACE Study (Adverse Childhood Experiences). The research project, now in its 14th year,  is one of the largest investigations ever conducted on the links between childhood maltreatment and health and well-being later in life. The ongoing study looks at how both positive and negative experiences and childhood stressors are strongly related to development and affect risk factors for disease, health and social well-being throughout the lifespan.

    The ACE Study — The Good Works in TraumaFrom the Institute for Educational Research and Service and the National Native Children’s Trauma Center

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    +MISSING LAUGHTER IN MY MOTHER’S MONKEY HOUSE

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    As I move forward in Dr. Dacher Keltner’s 2009 book, Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life out of his chapter on smiles into his chapter on laughter, I find I am using his information like a powerful laser flashlight, beaming a pinpoint of illumination back through the years of my childhood as I search my memory for genuine smiles, laughter or humor of any kind.

    I find myself thinking about the important book, Stop Walking on Eggshells: Taking Your Life Back When Someone You Care About Has Borderline Personality Disorder by Paul T. Mason and Randi Kreger as I realize that the absence of happiness in our abusive infant-childhoods paralleled the presence of unsafely, insecurity, unpredictability and violence.  Genuine smiles and riotous laughter do not occur in the middle of trauma.

    What can I learn about the development of my body-brain-mind-self if I think about myself as having been a monkey in my mother’s monkey house?  Certainly my mother’s sovereign nation lacked any equality between members.  There was no ‘flattened hierarchy’.  My mother had all of the power, and everyone knew it.  There was no true cooperation.  And certainly in my case there was no affiliation.  These conditions did not contribute to any sense of safety or security, and in these conditions true happiness, laughter and humor did not exist.  Their absence is incredibly telling.

    From my previous studies I already know that good humor is one of the powerful ‘reproductive fitness indicators’ of our species, right up there with good physical health and beauty, intelligence, good memory, and creative thought.  Any species fitness indicators provide direct evidence of the state of ill- or well-being of specie’s members – like does the fitness indicator of a peacock’s tail display.

    The research literature is full of information about how the greatest gifts of our species are directly tied to the greatest risks of being distorted through negative influences within a deprived, malevolent, abusive, traumatic early environment.

    Reproductive fitness indicators develop in humans through an interactive process of genetics being influenced by conditions within the environment during development.  They end up communicating information not only about any single member of a species, but more importantly they communicate information about the condition of the environment that influenced any individual’s development.

    The presence or absence of genuine D smiles and laughter is no exception.  The lack of safety and security in my childhood was represented by the opposite of joy.  My mother’s dysregulated emotions, especially her hatred and rage toward me created suffering, terror, sorrow, despair and alienation within our home.  She kept complete power and controlled her family’s environment through terror, threat of violence and violence.  Ours was NOT a healthy, happy monkey house.

    And of course, because I was my mother’s singled out abuse target, the impact of deprivation and trauma had its most powerful effects on me during my development.  My resulting difficulties with happiness are directly tied to having had my mother’s sickness built right into my own body-brain from birth as signals of the lack of well-being and fitness within the environment that formed me.  My mother did not give me any “all-purpose signal of cooperative intent.”  I received from her the opposite.

    ++++

    Keltner describes how the smile originated back in the early history of our evolution.  A comparison of human patterns with primates’ shows that

    “…in more hierarchical macaques, such as the rhesus macaque, there is a narrow use of the silent bared-teeth and relaxed open-mouth display.  The silent bared-teeth display – the predecessor to our smile – is used only as an appeasement display.  In these status-conscious monkeys, the smile is intertwined with anxiety and defense.

    “There are more egalitarian macaque species, however, such as the Tonkean macaque.  In these macaques, hierarchies are flatter and power is equally distributed.  This social condition more closely resembles the hierarchies observed in our hominid predecessors and contemporary hunter-gathers – power differences are reduced, and equality is more pronounced.  In egalitarian primates, food sharing is pervasive, alliances among subordinates are common, and social life consists more of negotiation than assertion of force….  In less stratified macaques, monkeys put the silent bared-teeth display to many new uses:  to reassure, to affiliate, and to reconcile, as well as to appease.  This is a standard evolutionary principle – that adaptations such as the silent bared-teeth display are put to new uses in a broader array of contexts to respond adaptively to shifting selection pressures.  With the rise of primate equality, the silent bared-teeth display became freed from its one-to-one mapping to fear and submissiveness, and extended into new social contexts that promote affectionate cooperation and affiliation.  This display became a sign of friendly intent, and the trigger of behavioral processes that allow for close proximity and cooperation – grooming, embraces, hand clasping, and the like.  In egalitarian primates, the silent bared-teeth display folded into affiliative, pleasurable exchange.

    “The physical signature of human happiness is the D smile.  The D smile did not originate in contexts that we today think are fast tracks to happiness…In fact,,.hunter-gatherer hierarchies…systematically downplay any sudden abundance in resources through modesty and generosity.

    “In our primate evolution, the D smile was the first vocabulary of friendly intent and affection, in particular between near-equals….the roots of human happiness are found in those moments when individuals moved toward one another toward cooperative and intimate ends.  Our ultrascoiality required this, as well as an all-purpose signal of cooperative intent, one that is highly visible and unambiguous, and one that could preempt conflict and spread cooperative relations potently and quickly, faster than a stranger could cock his arm and throw the first punch.”  (pages 120-122)

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    From here – you guessed it – Keltner continues forward in his next chapter to the topic of laughter.  My personal experiences with forbidden laughter were anything but funny.

    ++

    I have no memory of my mother ever telling a joke.  I have no memory of my father ever telling one, either.  I asked my sister and she can’t remember either of our parents ever telling a joke.

    I do remember watching the Beverly Hillbillies on TV while we lived in the Government Hill apartments the year I was in 4th grade.  I made the mistake of actually considering something on the show funny, and I actually laughed out loud.

    My mother jumped all over me verbally, berating me for my gullibility and stupidity in thinking anything about the show was funny.  I was stupid, just as the show was stupid.  She told me nobody was supposed to think it was funny, or to laugh at it.  Was I so stupid that I didn’t know that they used ‘canned laughter’ – totally fake audible laughter – as a part of the show?

    She made it sound like my inability to detect the stupidity of the show and the fakeness of the canned laughter meant I had failed some important and significant test that ANYBODY else would have passed.  I had to be the dumbest, stupidest person in the whole WORLD!

    I’ve have never forgotten this experience.  It too was added on a more minor line of my mother’s abuse litany than were my major crimes, as proof of how gullible I was.  It was part of the proof that I was a chameleon, had no mind of my own, and would follow anyone to do anything, even over a cliff if they told me to.  It proved I could not think on my own for myself (well, that was pretty much true – she never allowed me to think).

    How sad it was not to be able to even laugh safely.  I never laughed out loud in front of her again.  I had to watch myself to be sure I didn’t, monitor my reactions even to humor, make sure no sign of it accidentally slipped out or gave me away.  In essence, I knew it was simply bad and unacceptable for me to ever think anything was ever funny.

    In fact, by the time I was in 8th grade my mother very creatively forced me to watch black and white film footage on TV of the WWII bombing of Poland as she informed me that I should have been there because that is what I deserved to happen to me – brutal annihilation.

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    Keltner describes the evolutionary origins of human laughter as this ability followed a different trajectory from primates’ beginning four million years ago.  Smiles and laughter evolved as signals of communication long, long before humans achieved our verbal abilities.

    “Most striking is how human laugher differs from that of our primate relatives – gorillas, chimps, and bonobos.  In the most rudimentary sense, the laughter of the great apes resembles our own.  Their relaxed open-mouth displays and panting vocalizations look and sound quite familiar.  They emit these displays in similar contexts as we do – when being tickled and during rough-and-tumble play.  As with humans, chimps and apes are most likely to show open-mouthed play faces in developmental periods (adolescence) and times of day (leading up to feeding) where play can defuse conflict.  Yet the laughter of chimps and apes is more tightly linked to inhalation and exhalation patterns that that of humans.  As a result, it is emitted as short, repetitive, single-breath pants, and has little acoustic variety.

    “Human laughter, by contrast, is stunning in its diversity and complexity.  It is a language unto its own.”  (pages 124-125)

    ++++

    The presence, absence and quality of laughter both influences the physiological state of the human body and is an expression of the state of the body.  Safe and secure early infant attachment to caregivers includes smiles and laughter.  Unsafe and insecure early infant attachments do not communicate safety and security through the presence of these signals.  These degrees of variation in interaction with the environment are built right into an infant-child’s developing body-brain, including the regulation of the nervous system.

    ++

    Keltner states about the physiology of laughter:

    “And perhaps most subtly, laughter is intertwined with our breathing….  With the exception of certain pathological laughs…almost all laughter occurs as people exhale.  This simple laughter fact may seem incidental to our understanding of laughter, but in fact it is fundamental.  Here’s why.

    “Respiration and heart rate are two of the body’s most essential rhythms.  These two rhythms play off each other like the voices of singers in an a cappella group.  When you breath in, your heart rate rises.  When you breathe out, your heart rate drops, as does your blood pressure, and you move toward a state of relaxation.

    “This lung-heart dynamic has made its way into….the thousand-year-old breathing exercises of yoga practices.  Exhalation reduces fight/flight physiology, especially heart rate, calming the body down.”  (page 128)

    Studies of the acoustical qualities of laughter show that different kinds of laughs correspond to different brain region patterns just as varying smiles do.  The sound and pattern of laughter is affected by degrees of intimacy and is different among groups of friends than it is between groups of strangers.  Studies have shown that women laugh more than men do, and that men “are much more likely to snort and grunt than women.”  (page 130)

    Keltner presents more information about laughter:

    “…voiced laughs, which have tone to them and involve vibrations of the vocal folds (chords), and unvoiced laughs, which do not.  Voiced laughs sound like songs, rising and falling as they move through space.  Other people perceive these laughs as invitations to friendship and camaraderie.  Unvoiced laughs – hisses, snorts, grunts – are not perceived as such.  Much as the language of smiles is divided into Duchene [D] and non-Duchene [non D] smiles, there are voiced laughs of pleasure and unvoiced laughs not involving pleasure….  Both are vital to the social contract.”  (pages 130-131)

    “Here is a remarkable discovery:  Laughs occupy a part of acoustic space that is different from vowel sounds like “ahhh” and “eee.”  We may describe laughs in the written word as “ha, ha, ha” or “hee, hee, hee,” but in fact the acoustic structure of laughter is distinct from that of the vowels we use to represent this mysterious category of behavior.  Certain regions of the human vocal apparatus produce the vowels and consonants that make up human speech, in which so much of human social life transpires.  But there is another register of the human vocal apparatus, another form of output – laughter – with different origins and functions than human speech.”  (page 131)

    “When people laugh, subcortical, limbic regions of the brain and brain stem – most notably a region known as the pons, which is involved in sleep and breathing – are activated.  These regions are much older evolutionarily than the cortical regions involved in language, suggesting that the deeper meaning of laughter is intertwined with breathing.”  (page 132.

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    From my point of view, learning here that laughter is connected in our body-brain to our most basic fundamental experiences like breathing and sleep is amazing, though not surprising.  When I write about how interactive early infant-caregiver interactions influence the growth, development and formation of who we are in the world for the rest of our lives, it is on these fundamental levels that we are helped or harmed in our ability to experience life from a state of either well- or ill-being.

    Although infants can obviously cry from the instant they are born just as they can breath, their capacity for smiles and for laughter very soon follows.  If an infant is born into an environment of neglect, abuse, maltreatment and trauma, even its first experiences of sending signals out into its caregiving environment and receiving them back will be influenced in development.  In cases such as mine was, my environment never improved.  The trajectories of all of my abilities were changed during my development, not the least of which is my ability to be happy, to express happiness, and to understand other people’s experience and expression of happiness.

    My infant-childhood experiences with ‘joy’ happened in dissociated patterns according to my mother’s orchestration of my life.  As a result there is little natural ebb and flow or unconstrained ability to participate with others in states of safe and secure joy.  Anxiety was tied in my body to every experience I ever had as an infant-child as I developed, as was dissociation.  It is a rare, rare moment when I can even now experience pure joy.  My sense of derealization and depersonalization mostly requires that a distance between me and others has to first be bridged.

    Because expressions of happiness, including spontaneous laughter, are designed to happen instantaneously and automatically as forms of nonverbal communication, they happen in extremely fast-action displays.  I did not get the same circuitry build into my body-nervous system-brain that most other people did so that I operate much more slowly in all social interactions.  It helps me to know that there are reasons for how and why I experience social interactions differently than most people do, including the funny, happy ones.

    When I talk about the tragedy of life long changes that happen during early developmental stages of abused, traumatized and maltreated infant-children, it is on these profoundly fundamental most basic levels of the human experience that we must accept that these changes take place.  These changes often rob a survivor of the experience of being something other than completely alone in an unsafe and insecure world.

    Laughter as the form of emotional regulation and social interaction that it is, is missing in most severely abusive families.  These deprivation conditions are built into our social-emotional brain, into our entire nervous system and body.  At the same time that the signs of happiness, social connectedness and well-being are visible, attempting to access this information with our changed body-brain-self can take an invisible super-Herculean effort.

    Those of us who were so seriously deprived and maltreated as infant-children require patience and compassion for ourselves and from others in our efforts to find ways to heal these near mortal wounds that were inflicted on our being and built into our body-brain from the time we were tiny.  This isn’t a job for cowards.  It is a job for those of us who are willing to fight to our death for what should have been our birthright – the right to experience the fullness of joy within ourselves and with other members of our species.

    It helps me to begin to understand how deeply and profoundly the absence of joy influenced my body-brain development right along with the presence of severe violence and abuse.  While I can take an umbrella out to keep the rain off of my head I cannot stop it from raining.  I will never have the opportunity to return to a happy infant-childhood so I can take a different pathway that would allow joy-filled wiring to be built into me from the start.  I have to be realistic as I work with who and how I am as a consequence of what was done to me throughout my formative stages.

    It helps me to learn more about why improved well-being, including the experience of happiness, takes effort for me that most non-early abused and traumatized people might never be able to understand.  They benefited from advantages in an advantaged early environment that most of these people take for granted because it is all built right into them.  It is as if they climbed Mt. Everest by being dropped off near the top.  Severe early trauma survivors have to make the struggle from sea level on up.

    But facts are facts and we best get on with our climbing, even if that means that the last person to the top had to work hardest to get there.

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