+HEALING GENTLE KINDNESS HAPPENS IN OUR BODY

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I hope from the article posted yesterday that we can begin to understand how what happened to us at the hands of our mothers created patterns in our body and our brain that affect us every moment of our lives.

Change can happen, and when it does it affects our genetics just as the article describes.  What we need is gentle kindness from others we participate in life with, and from ourselves.  Kindness happens in little ways, as each moment moves into the next.  Kindness comes as appreciation — a particular kind of understanding that allows us to appreciate how our anxiety, PTSD, depression, dissociation, and the processes of our free will and choice is fundamentally connected to our SELF within the body-brain we live within (and at one with).

Gentle kindness can come from these new levels of understanding, along with healing.  Just as who we are happens with molecular changes that bubble up to our consciousness, so does change happen the other way around.

I was disturbed in my sleep last night as I seldom am, and cannot remember my dreams except that I need to make certain I learn ‘happy’ songs first as I learn to read music and play this piano because I was ‘told-shown’ that these songs can change me on my insides.  “OK,” I say.  I can do that.  I can learn to play the happiest songs I can find — each tiny note and pause at a time.

I can pay very close attention today to all life’s gifts around me and bring gratitude into my thoughts during this day that I started with feeling (inexplicably) so very, very blue as if I woke an entirely different person than the one I was yesterday.  And I very possibly am.

So I anchor and ground myself in my body in this world, in this sunshine, putting real blankets on the real clothesline to make them smell so sweet and fresh when I put them back on my real bed tonight.  I use real water to take care of my real cats and my real plants.  I peel real oranges, and dig my real coffee grounds into my real compost pile where the real curling gray worms can really eat them up and give me back healthy soil for my little gardens.

The chronic stress reactions my body knows so well, communicated through my vagus nerve to my brain and back again, need me to constantly be aware that time is real because peritrauma timelessness can so easily take over my experience, and steal my life away from me.  Anxiety makes things unreal to me, and feeds that continuing sense of disconnection I feel between my self and my self and my self and the world.  Paying close attention to the littlest things is kind and gentle to me.  I can watch it with my breathing, “Exhale, Linda, Exhale,” knowing as I do this my vagus nerve begins to smile and with every careful, mindful breath and with every careful, mindful action I can steal another instant of my own life away from the trauma that built my body and experience my life as ME.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+LINKS TO MUST-KNOW INFO ON ATTACHMENT

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

While I continue work on my other post for today about what I think is a therapy that has great healing potential for infant-child severe abuse survivors, I wanted to again post these links (below) to some very important information about attachment and relationships.

As I prepare the second post, I think about how I believe there is a universe of difference between the word ‘recovery’ and the word ‘healing’.  While I do not rely on any concept related to recovery for severe early abuse survivors (because we have nothing to go back to or for in the usual sense), I do believe that healing is not only possible, but is the work survivors are most involved in for the duration of their life times.

I hope you will spend some time reviewing the information below if you already read it in May 2009 when it was first posted.  If this is your first time encountering these links on my blog, please enjoy!!  Please carry along in your thinking the recently posted information on the vagal nerve system in the body as it ties our body-based information directly to our stress response system, our compassionate caring system, our nervous system, our brain and our immune system.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part One

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part Two

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part Three

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part Four

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part Five

*COLLINS ON RESPONDING TO NEED – Part Six

**Attachment Styles and Caregiving from Collins Article

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+HARDHITTING ON THE TOPIC OF BAD RELATIONSHIPS

++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Of all the tragedies that life can find to place in our way along our path from start to finish, those connected to our early histories of growing up in homes with what the Center for Disease Control refers to as Adverse Childhood Experiences could become the easiest ones for us to spot.  Sure, there are plenty of self help books and programs that more and more of us eventually discover that tell us how to ‘get better’, but are they really telling us anything like the REAL truth about who and how we are in the world?

Is there anything like a product guide, a user’s guide, or a reliable guarantee of ‘full disclosure’ as we leave our abusive homes of origin and seek to join the mainstream world, jumping into the flow of major life choices and their resulting consequences?  Of all the things we leave our abusive homes not knowing anything about, perhaps the one that follows along with us the longest is our mistaken idea that we can somehow create safe and secure adult relationships between partners who do not have an early history of safe and secure attachments.

We are heroic in our attempts to build sandcastles to live within as if they will shelter us from the storms we face in life, as if they can withstand the onslaught of storms that sweep over and around us over the years of our life time.  How hard it is to let ourselves know that we are really homeless in the world of our partnerships, that no matter what any self help book tells us, those of us who survived an infant-childhood filled with trauma, abuse and madness will not live long enough to learn enough to begin to change enough to be able to sustain and maintain a mate relationship of safe and secure attachment.

So many people, especially in today’s unsafe and insecure economic environment, are facing limitations of choice to exit unstable, abusive, and simply put, very BAD relationships, especially if they are still caring for dependent children.  Those now left without the ability to create a sustainable exit plan out of one of these BAD relationships will experience increasing levels of stress for themselves and for their children.

These children, growing up with the pressure and strain of Adverse Childhood Experiences of their own are likely to seek attachment relationships themselves that are the equivalent of sandcastle and cardboard box partnerships that will never do more than temporarily appear to be sustainable.  What the self help books don’t tell us, is that we would be far better off building a concrete vault to sustain ourselves within independently and autonomously than we would be pretending that we have the first clue what a safe and secure attachment relationship is – because we don’t.

++++

Which is harder, learning to avoid getting into these unsustainable relationships in the first place or trying to get ourselves out of them after we have committed our hearts and entangled our lives?  Actually, I could be accused of cheating and that accusation would be correct.  At age 58, I am far enough down the road of life to be able to look backwards at my own life and sideways at the lives of others to see that a sustainable, autonomous, independent and FREE life alone has – the way I see it from here – so much more to offer me as a severe infant-child abuse survivor that I can no longer even pretend that I even WANT another sandcastle or cardboard box attachment relationship in my lifetime.

Coming out of abusive childhoods leaves many people prepared to continue struggling against insurmountable obstacles for the rest of their lives.  If the goal is to survive given the difficult conditions of life, then we are experts at trying to reach our goals.  Over and over again, on and on we go repeating our efforts to make a truly crappy situation and/or relationship into a good one.  We learned at the start of our life that to give up is to die.  We can continue to apply our simple rules of trying to stay alive to all kinds of situations that we would be better served simply walking away from.

++++

The goal of a truly sustainable infant-childhood is to form, through safe and secure attachment relationships with our caregivers, our own clear, strong, independent and autonomous self that can then continue down the road of life with enough inner resources to appropriately interact empathically, responsibly, appropriately and compassionately with others.  The more I learn about the physiological body-brain changes that are a direct result of growing and developing within malevolent early environments, the more I see that we survivors were simply never given what we needed to create one of these best-selves-possible.

Our handicaps show up in some way in nearly every choice we make.  Our choices for our adult attachment relationships are probably the most volatile and unsustainable ones we make.  While we continue to believe that somehow if we work hard enough we can perform the magic act of alchemy to transform ourselves in our relationships and that our partners can also transform themselves, we are most often struggling to accomplish the impossible.  We are like the dolphins caught in tuna nets who struggle until they die.

From my age 58 perspective I am beginning to finally understand something that appears to be one of the greatest paradoxes, if not downright ironies of life:  Those people who are most able to sustain themselves comfortably as independent and autonomous people outside of a mate relationship are the ones that will be able to sustain themselves – AND THEIR PARTNER – in a safe and secure attachment relationship – IF THEY EVER CHOOSE TO HAVE ONE.

While this might seem obvious, simplistic, and intellectually believable, severe infant-child abuse survivors are likely to NEVER TRULY GET THIS POINT.  I think back nearly 30 years ago when I was going through a treatment program designed to address my ‘child abuse issues’.  I was unhappily married for the second time.  My therapist told me and my husband that unless and until we each, on our own, separately and independently improved our own well-being, that ‘working on the marriage was impossible.  This therapist told us that otherwise it would be like scraping two piles of mold from different corners of the bottom of a refrigerator into one pile and expecting something good and healthy to come of the effort.

He was right.  I will grant him that point.  But I was not told NEXT what I now know, and needed to be told THEN.  I could apologize here for mentioning what I am going to say next, but with my advancing years I now see this as the rest of the story.  Never in my lifetime is it possible for me to make enough so-called changes so that I will ever be able to have a sustainable mate relationship with anyone.

That’s an extremely harsh reality, but reality it is.  I can spend the rest of my life, literally working to improve my independent, autonomous, sustainable own self and while I can make progress within myself, I do not believe that I have a long enough lifetime to make myself into this kind of self.

Even if my therapist in 1983 had told me this fact, it’s doubtful I would have believed him.  I would have thought, “Well, that might be true for others, but I am special.  I can be the exception.”  That would have been a delusion I could freely have believed in.  But sooner or later things that are true remain standing, like stone pillars strong enough to withstand millions of years of erosion.  That’s one of the things that the truth actually does:  It remains standing when all else has crumbled and vanished away.

++++

Knowing this fact now, that unless and until I can become an independent, autonomous, sustainable single self I will not be capable of forming safe and secure attachment with a mate, actually gives me a point of reference that acts like a true-north orientation of myself in relationship to my entire life.  I can kick and scream, deny and try to make deals, compromise, suffer and struggle, sacrifice and fantasize that somehow I can escape the consequences of having been forced to grow and develop a body-brain in a horribly abusive, deprived, malevolent world that in no way created a physiology in me that operates the way a safely and securely-built attachment physiology operates.  Or I can accept the facts and begin to realize that life offers me an acceptable alternative – the freedom of being alone that I need to heal what can be healed inside of my own self.

I say this as I come to realize why I cannot ever be with the man I love completely.  As I understand that WHY from inside my own body I am at the same time gaining understanding about the WHY as it relates to his attachment physiology.  I know of no attachment therapy approach that even begins to explain the facts of what makes our relationship so much more than difficult.  Our relationship is impossible.  Survivors need to be told what is really going on for us.  Dancing around the facts of our changed attachment physiology continues to give us the illusion that there really is ‘hope’ for such impossible relationships.

++++

Anyone who reads this post is of course perfectly free to take their own stand and make their own choices regarding any relationship they may be in.  I am simply stating my own point of view based on what I have learned about the nature of terrible infant-childhoods and how they change our physiological development.  These changes operate in unsafe and insecure attachment patterns that are visible and definable once we understand how basic and fundamental these patterns truly are.

These changes are, I believe, the root causes of all the trauma dramas we enact in our lives.  They are at the root of our suffering.  They created a lack of ability to smoothly and consciously regulate our emotions – in our body, our brain and our mind – through safe and secure attachments between ourselves and the world we live in.

As a result we are more like unstable nuclear reactors than we are like independent, autonomous, sustainable people.  It is at this level of woundedness – in our trauma-changed body-brains — that our problems with mates and relationships actually originates.  It is at this level, for those of us who are survivors of traumatic infant-childhoods, that our physiology does not support recovery.  We had no opportunity to create in the first place what would help us to go ‘back’ and ‘recover’ now.  We cannot ‘recover’ what we never had in the first place.

All human actions and interactions are ultimately about regulating our individual physiology, including our emotions.  That is what being a human being living in an Earth Suit really means.  The experiences of our early attachment relationships tailor fit our Earth Suit accordingly.  We need to understand ourselves and others at this most basic physiological-change level if we want the misery-patterns of our lives to end.

It’s not the relationships we participate in that we need to change.  It’s the Earth Suit we live in while we have these relationships.  Changing the Earth Suit we live in while in the midst of trauma drama is about as impossible as flying into the sun.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+OUR STRESS RESPONSE IS WHAT WE PASS DOWN TO OUR KIDS

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

It is not so much the nature of any particular trauma or stress that we experience in life that matters most; it is how well equipped we are with both the inner and outer resources to respond to them.  It is our response patterns that most affect our children.  It is our response patterns that we pass down to them.

The vagal nerve is directly tied both to our stress response system and to our ability to act with compassionate caregiving.  I believe that it is our response to trauma and stress in relation to how compassionately we can take care of our children that matters most to them during their early growth and developmental stages.

++++

How can this fact (as presented in my last post) not be of central concern to everyone living in America?

44 percent of American children — that’s nearly half of all children in the U.S. — live in families that face serious struggles to make ends meet.”

Poverty is a stressor that affects not just the adults caring for this 44% of our nation’s children, but also impacts each and every one of the children in some way.  How do we care for ourselves and others when our stress response system is itself overly and chronically stressed?

Poverty is not a single problem that can be dissociated from the ever expanding circles of society that create both the poverty conditions and the solutions for these conditions.  My concern with the vagal nerve system and its connection to the capacity to care-give compassionately or not lead me to finding the information I am presenting today.  Parents still have to take care of their children no matter what lack they may be experiencing in their external resources.  Yet it is the actual condition of a parent’s body and brain that influences how all of their caregiving actions take place in every situation – stressful or not.

If parents experienced severe stress and trauma during their own early developmental stages, their stress response system has most likely changed in response.  This altered stress response system is the only one they have available in their body-brain to use for the rest of their lifetime.  Because how the stress response system operates is directly connected to the vagal nerve system, and because parental interactions with their children directly influence the development of their little one’s stress response-vagal nerve system, these stress responses can easily be automatically passed on down the generations – often along with poverty.

Even though the current economy is creating an ever widening circle of financial stress on families in our nation, it is the response TO THE STRESSORS that are perhaps more significant in the long run than are the actual experiences of lack of financial well-being themselves.  The more we can all understand how our body-brain handles stress, anxiety and trauma the more empowered we can be to intercept automatic responses to children in our lives that will harm their body-brain development in ways that will create physiological lack of well-being for their lifespan – no matter what their financial conditions end up to be.

++++

Two important words that emerged for me today as I read this information presented below are ‘inspiration’ and ‘expiration’.  True, this article is talking about our breathing and our heart rate.  But it is more than that.  The more flexible we can be in every single way the more ‘inspiration’ we can experience in our lives that will counteract the hardships we encounter.  Stress responses in our body, through the operation of our vagal nerve system, happen in response to threats to our actual life as well as to threats against our self esteem (and to our actual ‘self’).

Mindful consciousness over our stress response actions empowers us.  Becoming mindfully conscious of how we are in-the-moment allowing our own stress responses to affect our children MATTERS to their physiological development.  Once we begin to more fully understand that our stress response system IS THE SAME SYSTEM that operates in connection to our breathing and heart rate, through our vagal nerve, that is ALSO  OUR COMPASSIONATE CAREGIVING SYSTEM we can learn to take every possible precaution not to pass the stress onto our children through the way we directly offer caregiving to them.

Yes, children need the most basic physical necessities of life, but it is most likely to be the way caregivers respond to children on the personal level of interactions with them that is most likely to cause our children permanent growth and development harm if we aren’t care-full – not poverty or other external factors.

The way parents experience and handle stress is directly passed down to their offspring.  These patterns are built right into the developing body-brain of infant-children and will have profound affect on how these children will handle stress and regulate their emotions and social interactions themselves for the rest of their lives.  It is from this perspective that I present the following information today on the vagal nerve system and the stress response.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

What is Vagal Tone?

The parasympathetic nervous system influences the tonic or resting heart beat by means of signals from the tenth cranial nerve, the Vagus nerve.  In the resting or baseline state the heart rate will fluctuate with the breathing cycle; inspiration is accompanied by heart rate elevation and expiration is accompanied by heart rate depression….  [in the example given at this LINK page 69] you will see an example of this phenomenon.  The top tracing is the heart beat, the middle tracing is the respiratory cycle (up for inspiration, down for expiration), and the bottom tracing is the heart rate from the ratemeter.  Notice the coincident rise and fall of heart rate with each respiratory cycle.  This event is termed the respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA.  The extent of the RSA is a rough measure of Vagal control over the resting heart beat, referred to as Vagal tone.  The size of the RSA (degree of variability of the heart rate for each respiratory cycle) is what is determined by the Vagus nerve.  When the heart rate varies considerably for each respiratory cycle, then we say there is good or high Vagal tone.  When the heart rate is relatively steady with low variability for the respiratory cycle, we say there is poor or low Vagal tone.  In general Vagal control over the heart rate lessens during stressful experiences when sympathetic activity is heightened, thus allowing the heart rate to rise to meet the challenge.” (page 68)

Personality and Vagal Tone

Vagal tone has been related to temperament (the innate building blocks of personality) and stress vulnerability in children.  Children who show behavioral inhibition in novel situations (somewhat comparable to shyness) have low Vagal tone as evidenced by higher and less variable resting heart rates.  Preschoolers who fail to show emotional expression also have low Vagal tone and are vulnerable to later depression and anxiety. [my note:  These children may well be exhibiting early manifestations of insecure attachment disorders.]  There is also evidence that adults who are extremely shy or behaviorally inhibited have higher and less variable resting heart rates.  Also adults with high Vagal tone may have lower blood pressure responses to stress, making them less vulnerable to hypertension and coronary heart disease.  Interestingly, adults with high Vagal tone are more susceptible to hypnosis.  [my note:  And high Vagal tone ‘superstars’, as Keltner notes, show more compassionate, caring response to others.]  The exact relationship between the autonomic nervous system’s regulation of physiological responses and personality is unknown, but many hypothesize that the innate sensitivity and reactivity of the nervous system may be the fundamental mechanism for biasing personality development and expression.”  (page 69) [my note:  bolding is mine — and this sensitivity and reactivity of the nervous system and brain are directly influenced in development by the nature of early infant-child interactions.]

++++

Because a person’s resting and responsive Vagal nerve system is tied to overall degrees of well-being in the world, it is helpful to understand how this system operates on both the physiological and ‘psychological’ level.

Heart Rate

Heart rate is the number of beats per minute of the heart (BPM) and it is determined by factors intrinsic to the heart as well as regulatory pathways from the brain and hormonal signals for the adrenal glands.  Once again, when the brain is involved, psychological states may show themselves in the peripheral response [my note:  in the body.]

The obvious purpose of the heart beat is to move blood around the body.  The rate of the heart beat is one factor which influences cardiac output and the volume and speed of delivery of the blood to body cells.  Clearly, there are times when the blood needs to reach those cells more or less quickly.  Exercise, responding to stressors, and even just standing up may create greater cellular needs for oxygen and blood nutrients (mainly glucose).  Relaxation, sleeping and other vegetative states generally create a reduced cellular need.  Sensors in the brain stem and hypothalamus provide feedback regulation of the heart rate to meet the demands of body cells.  Responding to stressors involves the activation of higher limbic system structures [my note:  Remember, this region of the brain forms early and is hypersensitive in its formation to the conditions of the earliest environment, especially ‘good’ and ‘bad’ signals sent to the infant from its earliest caregiver interactions.] such as the amygdala and hypothalamus, which then send signals via the autonomic nervous system to increase (or decrease) the heart rate.  Neurotransmitter signals from the sympathetic branch [“GO” branch] (norepinephrine) increase the heart rate (by binding to beta 1-adrenergic receptors), while neurotransmitter signals from the parasympathetic branch [“STOP” branch] decrease the heart rate (by binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors).

There are individual differences in the resting heart rate which are related to genetics [my note:  Which includes environmental influences over the mechanisms that tell our genetic code what to do, and epigenetics], gender (females generally have faster heart rates than males), and to physical condition (state of health as well as fitness).  Also, there are individual differences in the size (and sometimes the direction) of the adaptive changes which take place to environmental events.  Some of these differences are related to personality, psychological state, and perhaps fitness as well.”  (pages 65-66)

++++

All of the factors that affect our well-being are influenced in early development of the body-brain by the condition of an infant-child’s environment, particularly by early caregiver interactions.  This includes the operation of our nervous systems – including our autonomic nervous system.

Please read the following keep in mind how a very young developing body-brain can be altered in response to stress and trauma so that the adult operation of the stress response system is altered for a life time.  Also keep in mind that it is the mother’s ability to reflectively and appropriately modulate her own emotions as she interacts with her young infant that builds (or does not build) emotional regulational abilities into her infant’s early forming right limbic brain and autonomic nervous system.  (Here again, too much over stimulation, even too much ‘happiness’ stimulation can overtax and overload an infant’s developing body-brain regulatory abilities.)

Also note in the writings below the introduction of dissociation – which is a body-brain reaction that involves both the body and the brain equally on occasions where it occurs in connection to stress triggers including anxiety.

++++

Psychological States and Cardiovascular Responses

Cardiovascular responses have been studied most often in the context of arousal and emotional states.  The stress response (fight or flight) is a physiologically adaptive set of bodily changes in the presence of a life threat or a threat to one’s self worth.  In general, activity of the sympathetic nervous system is enhanced, bringing about elevations in heart rate and blood pressure necessary to deal with the perceived threat.  These responses are adaptive in the short and generally improve human performances which require speed, strength, and endurance.  Human performance which requires fine motor skills or complex cognitive processes is generally affected in a curvilinear fashion;  performance is enhanced with moderate or optimal levels of the stress response, but hindered with high levels of the stress response (as anyone who plays the piano knows).

Studies have shown that anxiety, frustration, anger, fear, anticipation of pain and other negative emotional states can bring about elevations in heart rate and/or blood pressure.  Positive emotional states of excitement, joy, and interest can also bring about elevated cardiovascular responses.  There are, however, individual differences in the nature and the extent of cardiovascular responses in emotional states.  [my note:  Think about early developmental changes along with what this author writes about next.]  Some of these differences stem from the nature of the individual personality (for example cynicism and hostility…) and some stem from the nature of the environmental demands.  Complicating the picture is the fact that heart rate and blood pressure may disassociate in response to environmental events.  [my note:  bolding is mine.]  Research has supported the idea that tasks which require environmental intake or monitoring, cause heart rate lowering (blood pressure may rise or remain unchanged), while tasks which require environmental rejection (events which are aversive or bring about escape motivations) result in heart rate and blood pressure elevations.  [my note:  As can be seen in the research on Borderline Personality Disorder and their vagal nerve response.]  Similarly, it has been shown that tasks which tend to produce anxiety and self-focus (for example giving a speech if you have presentation anxiety) tend to elevate heart rate and blood pressure, while tasks which tend to produce anxiety and environmental-focus (for example listening to a lecture that you will be tested on later) tend to reduce heart rate while blood pressure may elevate or remain unchanged.”  (pages 67-68)

From:  Chapter 5,  Experiment HP-5:  Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Vagal Tone

READ WHOLE ARTICLE INCLUDING THE EXPERIMENT AT THIS LINK:

Human Pyschophysiology HP-5-1 (through page 14) – no author or further reference information given —

++++

References on Personality and Vagal Tone (even though older research, still presents excellent background information)

Cole, P.M., Zahn-Waxler, C., Fox, N.A., Usher, B.A., & Welsh, J. D. (1996).  Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation and Behavior Problems in Preschool children.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(4), 518-529.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R.A., Karbon, M., Murphy, B.C., Carlo, G., & Wosinski, M. (1996).  Relations of School Children and Comforting Behavior to Empathy-related Reactions and Shyness.  Social Development, 5(3), 300-351,

Jemerin, J.M. & Boyce, W.T. (a990).  Psychobiological Differences in Childhood Stress Response.  II.  Cardiovascular Markers of Vulnerability.  Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 11(3), 140-150.

Jemerin, J.M. & Boyce, W.T. (a990).  Psychobiological Differences in Childhood Stress Response.  II.  Cardiovascular Markers of Vulnerability.  Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 11(3), 140-150.

Porges, S.W. (1992).  Vagal tone:  A Physiological Marker of Stress Vulnerability.  Pediatrics, 90(3), 498-504.

Thayer, J.F., Friedman, B.H. & Borkovec, T.D. (1996).  Autonomic Characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worry.  Biological Psychiatry, 39(4), 255-266.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+WHEN LIFE IS HARD AND THE POOR GET POORER

+++++++++++++

“Poverty is the single best predictor of child abuse and neglect.”

44 percent of American children — that’s nearly half of all children in the U.S. — live in families that face serious struggles to make ends meet.”

FROM:

Prevent Child Abuse New York Blog


Almost Half of American Children Live in Families that Struggle to Make Ends Meet

Posted: 10 Feb 2010

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, a new fact sheet from the National Center for Children and Poverty (NCCP), tells a disturbing story.   44 percent of American children — that’s nearly half of all children in the U.S. — live in families that face serious struggles to make ends meet.   Parental employment, parental education, family structure and other variables each play an important role in predicting the likelihood that a child will endure economic hardship.

The very youngest children— infants and toddlers under age three — are particularly vulnerable with 44 percent living in low-income and 22 percent living in poor families.

Families are considered “poor” when they live below the federal poverty level, defined in 2009 as $22,050 for a family of four, $18,310 for a family of three, and $14,570 for a family of two.   Research suggests that, on average, families need an income equal to about two times the federal poverty level to meet their most basic needs.   Families with incomes below this level are referred to as low income: $44,100 for a family of four, $36,620 for a family of three, $29,140 for a family of two.

The fact sheet breaks down facts and figures about children facing economic hardship into four additional age groups: under 6, ages 6-11, ages 12-17, and under age 18.   It also describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents, highlighting the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.

A PDF of the fact sheet is available here

+++++++++++++

America’s economic pain brings hunger pangs

By Amy Goldstein

Washington Post Staff Writer
Tuesday, November 17, 2009

The nation’s economic crisis has catapulted the number of Americans who lack enough food to the highest level since the government has been keeping track, according to a new federal report, which shows that nearly 50 million people — including almost one child in four — struggled last year to get enough to eat.

The magnitude of the increase in food shortages — and, in some cases, outright hunger — identified in the report startled even the nation’s leading anti-poverty advocates, who have grown accustomed to longer lines lately at food banks and soup kitchens. The findings also intensify pressure on the White House to fulfill a pledge to stamp out childhood hunger made by President Obama, who called the report “unsettling.”

The data show that dependable access to adequate food has especially deteriorated among families with children. In 2008, nearly 17 million children, or 22.5 percent, lived in households in which food at times was scarce — 4 million children more than the year before. And the number of youngsters who sometimes were outright hungry rose from nearly 700,000 to almost 1.1 million.  READ FULL ARTICLE HERE

+++++++++++++

AMERICAN HUMANE WEBSITE — Protecting Children and Animals Since 1877

Reports:

“Every day in America, approximately 2,463 children are determined to be victims of abuse or neglect (USDHHS, 2007).”

“An estimated 3.3 to 10 million children a year are at risk of witnessing domestic violence, which can produce a range of emotional, psychological or behavioral problems for children. Children who are exposed to domestic violence are at a greater risk of being abused or neglected themselves (CDF, 2005).”

Poverty and Homelessness are Pervasive Problems Among America’s Children

  • Poverty is the single best predictor of child abuse and neglect. Children who live in families with an annual income less than $15,000 are 22 times more likely to be abused or neglected than children living in families with an annual income of $30,000 or more. Abused and neglected children are 1.5 to 6 times as likely to be delinquent and 1.25 to 3 times as likely to be arrested as an adult (CDF, 2005).
  • After falling for seven consecutive years during the 1990s, the number of children living in poverty rose for four years in a row to 13 million in 2004; in all, 37 million Americans live below the poverty line. Child poverty has increased by over 1.4 million children since 2000, accounting for more than a quarter of the 5.4 million people overall who have fallen into poverty. More than one out of every six American children were poor in 2004 (CDF, 2005).
  • For every five children who have fallen into poverty since 2000, more than three fell into “extreme poverty,” a term describing families living at less than one-half of the poverty level. This means that these families had to get by on less than $7,412 a year, or $20 a day (CDF, 2005).
  • In 2004, 13.9 million children under age 18 (19 percent of all children) lived in “food-insecure” households (CHP, 2004).
  • Children make up nearly 40 percent of all emergency food clients (CHP, 2004).
  • Families are the fastest growing segment of the homeless population, now accounting for 40 percent of the nation’s homeless (CDF, 2005).

+++++++++++++

Poverty – Limits Options When Abuse Exists (and skews abuse statistics)

“While on the surface, it may appear that low levels of income go hand-in-hand with higher levels of domestic violence, one must keep in mind that available income has significant weight on the options available to victims. While a low-income mother with three small infants might appear on statistical reports when getting a restraining order, when entering a domestic violence shelter, or when applying for TANF services due to family violence, the white collar mother with two in college might flee to a hotel for a few weeks, file for divorce, and move back to the city where the bulk of her family resides. In these scenarios, the low-income victim shows up all over the place in various statistical reports (from the court, from the shelter, and from the social services agency) while the white collar victim only shows up on a hotel register, on a civil court docket for divorce, and in the records of the local moving business. In other words, violence against her and/or her children, while every bit as dangerous and abusive, simply doesn’t exist – on anyone’s official paper.”   READ MORE HERE

NOTE:  My mother (nor I as her victim) ever showed up on ‘anyone’s official paper’ either, nor was our family among the ranks of the official poor.

+++++++++++++

+INFANT-CHILD TRAUMA CHANGES THE VAGUS NERVE’S DEVELOPMENT

+++++++++++++++++++

If a shark ate my legs off, how well would I run?

In a “born to be good” fairy tale world such as the one I continue to read about in Dr. Dacher Keltner’s chapter on compassion (from his book Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life), I wouldn’t have to have the image within my mind that I do, and I sure wouldn’t have to write about it.  But I cannot continue to read Keltner’s chapter on compassion without first stopping to pick up the pieces of broken tales that Keltner can evidently simply ignore and omit from his “born to be good” story.

I am imagining infant-childhood to be like the time of life a person is growing a body-brain in a sea of experience that little ones have no power to escape from or to change.  Eventually, as time goes on and as one grows up, they get to either swim to the shore or get washed up on the beach of adulthood where they will live the rest of their adult lives.

Keltner suggests that all are given equal opportunity in this sea of childhood to grow into their “born to be good” body as if it is some entitled right that everyone shares as members of the human species.  I beg to differ, and when I say this I mean, “I REALLY BEG TO DIFFER!”

As Keltner continues his writing about the vagal nerve system and its connection to the good life of well-being, he cites research that shows that people with a good resting vagal tone seem to experience more joy in life, are more prone to experiencing life events in positive, growth enhancing ways, have more friends, more close connections to others, and can share easily in compassionate, altruistic exchanges with people around them.

Keltner calls such people with the better resting vagal nerve tone “Vagal Superstars.”  He counters the image of these ‘superior’ humans with the limitations faced beginning in early childhood by those that are ‘born shy’ as he states about these differences:

That fearful 4 month old [shy babies – implied connection between high anxiety and low resting vagal tone], startled and distressed at the presence of a new toy, fight or flight physiology throbbing in the veins and throughout the body, is likely to lead a life of restraint, inhibition, and hesitation in the fact of intimacy.

“If the vagus nerve is a caretaking organ, then one would expect individuals with elevated vagus nerve activity to enjoy rich networks of social connection, to show highly responsive caretaking behavior, and for compassion to be at the center of their emotional lives.  New studies are finding this to be the case.”  (page 241)

++++

Nowhere in his chapter on compassion does Keltner make any mention of the fact that the resting state of the vagus nerve bundle, as well as its ongoing operation, can be directly shaped, influenced and changed by early infant-childhood attachment trauma.  Because I KNOW this to be true, I inwardly bristle when I read Keltner’s following words:

Elevated vagus nerve activity, then, orients the individual to a life of greater warmth and social connection.  Nancy Eisenberg has found that seven- and eight-year-olds with a higher resting vagal tone are more helpful in class, more sympathetic to those in need, more pro-social toward their friends, and experience more positive emotions.  College students with higher resting vagal tone are better able to cope with the stresses of college – exam periods, career choices, the vicissitudes of romantic life.  Following the loss of a married partner, people with high resting vagal tone recovered more quickly from the depressive symptoms that often accompany bereavement.  And on the other end of the continuum, people experiencing severe depression, and its accompanying impoverishment of social connection, have been shown to have low resting vagal tone.”  (pages 242-243)

All these words tell me is that some people – who I will never believe to be innately superior beings as I think Keltner’s writings suggest – happen to make it through their body-brain early infant-childhood developmental stages with safe and secure attachments in a benevolent world that DID NOT rob from them the beneficial abilities of a benevolently-formed body-brain, which most certainly and definitely includes a wonderful “higher resting vagal tone.”

What Keltner is really describing here is the way the life of a traumatized infant-child suffers for the duration of their lifetime from the abuse and malevolent treatment they received while their body-brain formed.  Everything about their life is changed as a consequence of the influence of early trauma, maltreatment and abuse.

++++

Going back to my ocean image.  I see Keltner sitting comfortable on some warm, sunny beach in the comfort of his lounge chair, adjustable umbrella overhead, sipping some luscious beverage, clipboard in hand, scribbling his assessment notes as he watches people reach the ocean’s shore.

Some of these people emerge from the ocean of their infant-childhood beaming with joy, smiling, laughing, teasing, and eagerly running off into the future of their abundant life.  Others are washed up onto the shore already dead.  Some have no legs at all, having had them chewed off long ago by vicious sharks that devoured their future abilities while these victims had no possible way to fight them off or to escape.

Do researchers such as Keltner then applaud, reward and congratulate those who were privileged enough, who were advantaged enough, and who were lucky and fortunate enough to emerge from the waters of their early life unscathed by awarding them the label “vagal superstar” while at the same time suggesting that there is something innately wrong and defective with those who could not possibly emerge whole because of the traumas they suffered during their most vulnerable and important growth and developmental stages?

If what I am sensing in Keltner’s writing, and in the perspective of the research he is citing, I would ask, “Where is reality in this picture?  Where is the humble gratitude shown when the gift of a safe and secure, benevolent infant-childhood results in unwounded people being given these wonderful vagus nerve-related stupendously valuable super abilities?  Where is the compassion for suffering others that Keltner so vocally values?”

I see another possible scene on that beach where infant-childhood survivors of terrible malevolent trauma emerge so terribly wounded.  I see every rescue vehicle, every team of rescue personnel imaginable assembled on that beach rushing to assist every victim.  I see those who have emerged from the waters of childhood unhurt being shown how to care for those who make it to the shore injured, suffering and dying.  And I see other good, caring, compassionate, altruistic people entering the water in masses to address what’s happening in those oceans of childhood that is creating this kind of injury in the first place so the wreckage of this carnage can be stopped at its source.

++++

In my version of reality I will point to this kind of research, performed in 2009 in Ontario, Canada:

ABSTRACT:

The experience of child maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Structural and functional modifications of neural systems implicated in stress and emotion regulation may provide one mechanism linking early adversity with later outcome.

The authors examined two well-documented biological markers of stress vulnerability [resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone] in a group of adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment (n = 38; M age = 14.47) and their age-matched non-maltreated (n = 25; M age = 14.00) peers.

Maltreated females exhibited greater relative right frontal EEG activity and lower cardiac vagal tone than controls over a 6-month period. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone remained stable in the maltreated group across the 6 months, suggesting that the neurobiological correlates of maltreatment may not simply reflect dynamic, short-term changes but more long lasting alterations.

The present findings appear to be the first to demonstrate stability of two biologically based stress-vulnerability measures in a maltreated population. Findings are discussed in terms of plasticity within the neural circuits of emotion regulation during the early childhood period and alternative causal models of developmental psychopathology.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 474-487, 2009

Research Article

Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment
Vladimir Miskovic , Louis A. Schmidt, Katholiki Georgiades, Michael Boyle , Harriet L. MacMillan

Published in

Developmental Psychobiology

Volume 51 Issue 6, Pages 474 – 487

Published Online: 23 Jul 2009

++++

This research, and other similar research, clearly show that not only is the right brain hemisphere a ‘stress-vulnerability’ area that can be changed in its development by early infant-child maltreatment, but so also is the vagal nerve bundle.

Attachment researchers suggest that between 40 and 65% of adults in our culture came out of their early formative years with a safe and secure attachment-built body-brain-mind-self.  That means that between 35 and 60% of adults DO NOT!  Because the vagal nerve bundle is vulnerable to alteration through the effects of maltreatment, neglect and trauma that happen WITHIN early unsafe and insecure attachment conditions, I can clearly see that Keltner’s work, as enlightening as it is in regard to how a high resting vagal tone operates throughout the lifespan to improve well-being, it is not enlightening in regard to the profound impact that the conditions present in a human being’s earliest years affect the early growth and ongoing operation of this most important ‘be good’ nerve system.

Nor do I yet find in Keltner’s book any suggestions about how people with less than super vagal tone can actually, physiologically improve the operation of this important nerve system.  I will have to search elsewhere for this critically important information.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+MY MOTHER COULD NOT ‘SIGH’ FOR ME

++++++++++++++++++++++++++

If we cannot ever stop wincing from our own internal, unconscious pain we will never be able to truly sign from another’s.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I had a dream last night that I cannot remember.  All I know is that it had something to do with improvement in well-being that can happen in more than one way and involves the vagus nerve system.  Some of those ways of positive change could happen consciously and some of them could happen automatically and unconsciously.  In my dream these changes seemed to be linked like spokes of a bicycle wheel to a center hub – which was the vagus nerve.

Feeling a little puzzled this morning about what this dream was telling me, I returned yet again to Dr. Dacher Keltner’s chapter on compassion (from his book Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life) where he writes about the methods developed about fifteen years ago that measure the activity of the wandering vagus nerve bundle that have shown:

When we inhale, the vagus nerve is inhibited, and heart rate speeds up.  When we exhale, the vagus nerve is activated, and heart rate slows down….  The vagus nerve controls how breathing influences fluctuations in heart rate.  We measure the strength of the vagus nerve response, therefore, by capturing how heart rate variability is linked to cyclical changes in respiration.”  (page 233 – also included with yesterday’s post).

At the same time that I was having this dream last night, I was also having the sense that for all the work I’ve put into trying to ‘technically’ understand the dynamics of my mother’s abusive relationship with me, this single vagus nerve-hub-image is the most important one I have discovered thus far.  As I think about it all this morning in the light of this cloudy, gray day, I also realize that yesterday’s post directly about the hub of the vagus nerve and my mother’s self-weakness brought the fewest numbers of readers to my post of any in many, many months.

As I to suppose that I have ended up at a dead end in the labyrinth of my thinking about the causes, consequences and hope for ‘cure’ for those of us who suffer from severe early abuse histories reflected in the dearth of interest shown by readers to my yesterday’s post?

My dreams have never, in the six years I have been studying the case history of my mother’s severe abuse of me, been wrong.  They have never led me astray.  Many times my dreams have opened a new direction in my search and thinking that have allowed my past thinking to gel so that some new thinking can emerge.  Last night, I know, was no different and the images that I remember upon waking are no doubt correct.  My dream is pointing me toward something important.

++++

I find that Keltner next directly ties the physical measurement of vagus nerve activity not only to the experience of compassion versus pride, but also to altruistic acts.  Nobody except those concerned with infant and child abuse would probably ever have a need to think about appropriate and adequate parenting of offspring in terms of altruism.  Isn’t loving one’s babies and children something humans simply do automatically and instinctively?

Obviously, from the point of view of severe infant-childhood abuse, neglect, and malevolent abuse survivors, NO it is not!

Although the research that Keltner describes was not designed to target the vagus nerve bundle as the being the seat of abuse, as soon as he described it as the probable seat of compassion he is suggesting to me that it is.  Keltner cites research in his chapter on compassion that documents “that this selfless state of compassion produces altruism.”  (page 237), and that when faced with a situation that can trigger either “pure self-interest” or “the swell of compassion” in the chest (page 238) the reaction of the vagus nerve system will show corresponding activity as one of the branches of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) responds:  either the GO fight/flight arm related to pride and self-interest or the STOP arm related to compassion.

The research findings about the vagus nerve and compassion have shown in these studies that (as mentioned in yesterday’s post):

Participants’ reports of their feelings of compassion increased as their vagus nerve activity increased.  With increasing vagus nerve response, participants’ orientation shifted toward one of care rather than attention to what is strong about the self.
Then our participants, feeling surges of either compassion or pride, indicated how similar they themselves were to twenty other groups….  Our participants made to feel compassion by viewing images of harm reported a broader circle of care – they reported a greater sense of similarity to the 20 groups – than people feeling pride.  This feeling of similarity to others increased as individuals’ vagus nerve fired more intensely.

“And when we looked more closely at whom people feeling compassion and pride felt most similar to…we found that pride made people feel more similar to the strong, resource-rich groups in the set of twenty that they rated….  Compassion, on the other hand, made people feel more similar to the vulnerable groups – the homeless, the ill, the elderly….  Compassion is anything but blind or biased by subjective concerns;  it is exquisitely attuned to those in need.”  (pages 234-235)

++++

Why am I bothering to again repeat Keltner’s words here?  My dream last night showed me that while these findings lie very close to the heart of the infant-child abuse perpetrator’s problem, they are not what is actually at the very center of the hub.

These words are talking about an inner alignment that is supposed to happen in our body as it corresponds to the activity of the vagus nerve in response to either stimulus that appropriately creates a pride reaction or appropriately stimulates a caring reaction.  Infant-child abusers, in my thinking, cannot possibly be experiencing appropriate responses along this continuum.

Keltner is describing here that these pride versus caring reactions are associated with how the self aligns itself on a continuum of power and resources.  Pride corresponds to an alignment with ‘power-full’ others while caring corresponds to an alignment with ‘power-less’ others.  The resource being considered here is POWER.

I cannot see a way that anyone’s self can consider power as it relates to others without at the same time considering power as it relates to their own self.  If a person’s own self was formed in a malevolent, unsafe and insecurely attached environment that self will not automatically have a sense of itself as being ‘power-full’.  Such a self, because it suffered from degrees of powerlessness in the face of overwhelming traumas as it was growing, will have formed itself with depletion rather than with plenty at its center.  Such a self will continue to negotiate itself in power-related situations in different ways than will a self that was formed in a benevolent, safe and secure attachment environment.

++++

I believe that we are close to the hub of what is wrong with infant-child abuse perpetrators when we read these few words in Keltner’s statement:  “With increasing vagus nerve response, participants’ orientation shifted toward one of care rather than attention to what is strong about the self.” (page 234)  The three key words here are ORIENTATION and ATTENTION and the action of SHIFTING.

A strongly formed self can choose – consciously or unconsciously — to accomplish this shifting of orientation and attention away from self and toward others smoothly and appropriately in ways that a weakly formed self cannot.  The activity of this shifting can be measured with the vagus nerve response.  This measured vagus nerve response shows the degree of orientation and attention to the self versus orientation and attention to the other.

Three key and fundamental factors of being an ‘evolutionarily advanced’ member of the human species are altered in these early malevolent self-forming environments:  (1) the nature and recognition of the individual self, (2) the nature and recognition of the ‘other’s self’, and (3) the nature and recognition of the boundary that separates ‘self’ from ‘other’.

A weak self, formed in an early environment of malevolent, overwhelming trauma, will NOT be strong enough to shift its orientation or attention away from its own self-preservation. In addition, because a weak self is formed in unsafe and insecure early attachment relationships, it has no clear idea about its own self in relationship with any other self.  To miss or to ignore these facts is to entirely miss and ignore the very heart of infant-child abuse cause and consequence.

I believe this very heart can be measured if not actually SEEN in the response of an infant-child abuse perpetrator’s vagus nerve.

++++

I am not going to try to shorten what Keltner says next.  Within his words is a clear example of the vagus nerve response already operates when we are very young along with what Keltner refers to the “clarifying point” that determines what a person is actually likely to DO in response to another person’s weakness/vulnerability/need:

Stronger evidence still would link selfless, altruistic action to activation in the vagus nerve.  Nancy Eisenberg has gathered just this kind of data.  In one illustrative study, young children (second-graders and fifth-graders) and college students watched a videotape of a young mother and her children who had recently been injured in a violent accident.  Her children were forced to miss school while they recuperated from their injuries in the hospital.  After watching the videotape, the children were given the opportunity to take homework to the recovering children during their recess (thus sacrificing precious playground time).  Those children who reported feeling compassion and who shoed heart rate deceleration – a sign of vagus nerve activity – as well as oblique, concerned eyebrows while watching the video (see figure below) were much more likely to help out the kids in the hospital.  In contrast, those children who winced, who reported distress, and who showed heart rate acceleration – that is, those children who winced, who reported distress, and who showed heart rate acceleration – that is, those children who reacted with their own personal distress – were less likely to help.  These findings make a clarifying point:  It is an active concern for others, and not a simple mirroring of others’ suffering, that is the fount of compassion, and that leads to altruistic ends.”  (pages 239-240 – bolding is mine)

At the center of the hub of the wheel of my mother's self, she had this wince -- an unconscious pain that evidently did not allow her to respond to the suffering she caused me

What is fascinating about this “clarifying point” that Keltner is making is the fact that it is when early infant-child mirroring activities between early caregiver and the little one in the attachment environment, while its self is forming well before the age of two, that these response patterns between self and other form the nervous system and brain.  In traumatic early environments, a different nervous system, brain and self are formed that will operate differently throughout the lifespan.

What Keltner is describing here is the HUB OF THE WHEEL of the caring-compassion response that was changed in my mother, and I would say within all infant-child abusing caregivers.  Because their self formed with the distress being a part of the self, because the self did not form with the power to make the distress STOP, wincing will always be the vagus nerve response rather than the sigh.

But a self formed like my mother’s was seals off from consciousness any awareness of the self’s distress, pain or ‘wince’.  Such a self also seals off from conscious awareness its own inherent power-less state.

When the self contains its own perpetual pain, distress and powerlessness, when it cannot clearly identify who its own self in or who the self of any other is clearly, when it cannot define clearly where the boundary lies between its own self and another self, it will never be able to respond appropriately to pain – its own or anyone else’s.

The center point of the hub of the wheel where humans negotiate self and other seems to lie in the vagus nerve response, where orientation and attention to the self can shift toward others – or not.  That the entire array of responses can be narrowed down to the difference between a wince or a sigh makes perfect sense to me.

My mother did not know where her own self started and stopped.  She did not know where I started and stopped.  My mother never stopped wincing from her own (unconscious) pain.   My mother could never appropriately sigh for anyone else, certainly not for me.

(Post subject to be continued…..)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+ABUSIVE PARENTS HAVE THE WEAKEST SELVES POSSIBLE

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The first time I ever heard anyone talk about feelings was after my 29th birthday when I entered a seven week in-patient treatment program for alcoholism and addiction in 1980.  I intellectually understood what the word ‘feelings’ meant, but I had no personal idea what a feeling even was.

The therapists soon realized this, and worked with me through practice sessions so I could begin to learn to identify feelings in my body.  They had me sit in a chair and then had me focus and pay attention to the feeling of my feet on the floor, of my butt on the chair, of my hands resting on my knees.  “Now shift your weight in your chair and see if anything feels different.”

I felt like a girl version of the wooden puppet Pinocchio.  Not only was I unable to feel a SELF inside my body, my SELF could not feel itself inside of my body, either.  It took me many years before I could experience my own life in any kind of a feeling way.  After that there were many times when I wished I had never begun that journey.  Feelings, well, they FEEL.

I was nearly constantly overwhelmed with the feelings of trauma throughout the entire 18 years of childhood with my mother.  Positive feelings were forbidden.  Once, as an adult, I began to feel, I found (as I now understand far more completely) I could not regulate them.  I could not alter their intensity, and once I was in their grip I could not get out of it.

I now understand that the unsafe and insecure infant-childhood I had changed the way my right limbic emotional brain processes emotion — period.  I did not learn to self-soothe.  I did not learn how to smoothly and easily shift gears between feeling states.  In fact, as I mentioned, I did not even know what a feeling really even was.

++++

I mention this today because I am going to present two pictures here from Dr. Dacher Keltner’s chapter on compassion (from his book Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life) along with a bit of the text he includes with them.

The exercise I suggest is for readers to just spend a little time looking at first one of these pictures and then at the other.  I find it fascinating that I can fully feel the difference IN MY BODY between how my body feels, and therefore how I feel, in response to each of these pictures.

The feeling shift in my torso involves my breathing.  As I mentioned in yesterday’s post, we can become mindfully aware of our experience of breathing as we shift from automatic pilot breathing to breathing with our SELF-conscious awareness.  These two pictures, to one degree or another, offer an example of how breathing and mindful awareness are connected together.

++++

Picture number one:

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Picture number two:

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I realize the quality of the pictures is pretty shabby, but they still work just fine to demonstrate how our vagus nerve system responds within our body differently as we experience emotion and feeling.

I am posting again today Keltner’s writing about how these photographs were used in research, which is part of the whole chapter on compassion that I posted the other day that includes some writing on altruism.

I just wanted to mention today that in cases of severely abusive parents something is obviously terribly wrong with their compassion-altruism-be good spectrum of response.  Research, as I’ve mentioned previously, about Borderlines shows that their vagus nerve system does not operate in a normal way.

Keltner states here:

With increasing vagus nerve response, participants’ orientation shifted toward one of care rather than attention to what is strong about the self.”  (page 234)

I am reminded of my thinking about my mother’s distorted self, about her distorted relationship with this distorted self, and about her distorted relationship with everyone in her universe, most specifically with me.

In her relationship with me my mother was solely occupied with what she unconsciously perceived as being WRONG with herself as she projected ALL of that wrongness onto me — and then punished me for it.

By taking what was WRONG with herself and placing it all on me, she was making her good self STRONGER in some bizarre and distorted way.  But she couldn’t even just do this half of her psychosis without doing the other half, which was to ‘personify’ her projection of goodness onto my younger sister as she made her the all-good child in a similar way that she made me the all-bad one.

While Keltner is obviously not talking about child abuse in his writings, there is no way that I can avoid the fact that it is within this same vagus nerve system that these distorted patterns — of ‘strong’ versus ‘weak’, of what ‘belonged’ and what did ‘not belong’ within my mother’s version of herself, along with who she identified with and who she refused to identify with (as being weak versus strong) — operated within my mother.

My mother lacked any normal self-reference point within herself that is necessary for the normal demonstration of the reactions that Keltner describes in this research (see below).  Because she did not have any true sense of what was strong about herself, she could not be mindful of the fact that her entire psychic, mental system — and the behavior that was its result — operated through externalized inner dramas that she acted-out, outside of her self as they mostly involved tortured, battered, hated, shunned, and terribly abused ME.

++++

Although the research presented here had nothing overtly to do with infant-child abuse or about a comparison of safe and secure attachment versus unsafe and insecure attachment, I believe absolutely that this research model could be used in combination with these factors.

What would be discovered would be the deeper levels of how shifts between so-called pride and compassion are actually showing the  strength or weakness of the SELF.  The weaker and more unsafely and insecurely attached a self is in the world, the more distorted their vagus nerve reaction is likely to be on this pride-compassion spectrum.

But what might register in such a study as a tendency toward pride is actually a tendency to NOT be able to recognize any weakness within the self at all.  Such a person learned (it was built into their body-brain) that weakness meant threat of death.  If the early trauma could not be avoided in any other way, the body-brain simply shuts off any ability to recognize self-weakness at all.  Awareness of weakness costs too much — as does weakness itself.

++++

In my thinking, I suspect that the stronger a self REALLY is, the more fluidly that self will be able to afford the cost of recognizing weakness in others.   They can afford to allow themselves to resonate with need and weakness through the feeling of compassion.  They will also be able to afford to respond with care.

If a self is REALLY weak rather than strong, they cannot afford to identify with another’s weakness.  It simply costs too much.  “I am strong enough to survive so I can afford to help others to survive” is an entirely different mantra than “I know I am vulnerable and weak (though I can’t even afford to let myself know this) so I must align myself with the strongest (and act like I am one of the strongest) to survive.  I cannot afford to give anything to anyone else.”

My mother took all this weakness to another level that made her an extremely dangerous mother.  Not only could she not be consciously and mindfully aware of her own weaknesses and vulnerabilities of her own self, she was hell bent on actively destroying her own projected version of weakness — again, of course, ME.   Not only could she not appropriately care for me, or have compassion for me, she attacked me as she tried to destroy me.  It would not surprise me if these dynamics operate on some level for all severely abusive parents.

If this is true, then abusive parents have the weakest selves possible.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The part of Keltner’s next cited above related to this particular research:

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+THE LIFE ENHANCING NATURE OF SHARED THOUGHTS

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I asked libramoon, a member of an online group, if I could post her words and my reply to them on my blog today and my request was accepted:

“In rereading this with the other jumble of thought/impressions from other readings today, I am wondering: Are what we think of as psychological “conditions” reactions to a social atmosphere that largely negates the natural? I am speaking of both the larger natural environment and the internal natural development of the individual. If we are stunted in development by traumatic events along the way which become defined by normative values which keep us stuck in an unnatural frame, perhaps we need to look to nature for a healthier framing and way out?

I am also thinking about the article you posted regarding pain. Pain is a symptom of something out of whack in the system. The social norm is to block the pain rather than look to restoring balance in the system. Is this part of the mindset that sees nature as outside of conquering man? Is this part of the mindset that honors bullying, control, power and victimization because we are defeating nature rather than honoring wisdom?”

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I was thinking about libramoon’s words last night and the post I wanted to write in response to them when I went to sleep last night thinking only one word as I passed into my world of dreams – NATURE.

I woke out of my sleep this morning with one single word in my mind in return – FRACTALS.

This thought was soon followed by another one:  Nature is nothing more and nothing less that SHARED INTELLIGENCE.

Then, as I wandered through my house in my still-waking-up state, pausing to open the curtains in my living room to let the morning light in, pausing to open the door to let all three of my eager cats in from their night of play, and on into the kitchen to start my pot of coffee, I had an entire phrase come into my mind:  “At this point in our specie’s evolution, human beings are ‘children of the half-light.”

Then, as I waited for my coffee, I opened my email to find these heart wrenching words:

Please read this reader response:

2010/02/05 at 5:58am | In reply to debbi irish.

comment by LilAdopted1 found at this link — CONTACT INFO page

++++

All of these pieces of thought were preceded by the November 30, 2009 Time Magazine (must read) article by Tim McGirk on our returning war veterans and PTSD-depression that I read yesterday as I ate my delicious lunch at our local laundromat café:

How One Army Town Copes with Posttraumatic Stress

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I am humbled by the rich display of humanity already presented here today in the stories presented in the words above that I have already collected upon this page.

When I read about FRACTALS I begin to wonder if this same explanation might apply to all of us as human beings within the realm of so-called NATURE as we simply exist:

“A fractal is “a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole,”[1] a property called self-similarity.”

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I could go on here to talk again about how without the pristine perfection of the Alaskan homestead my parents staked claim to, without the purist life force on that mountain and valley land and my bonding with it I would not have survived my childhood.  I could talk about how at 18, after I was ‘put into the Navy’ by my parents and flew thousands of miles away from my home that I was completely without conception of what being a human being among humans even meant.

I could talk about how in my mid-twenties I was attracted to Native American teachings because I thought among those people I could AT LAST and AT LEAST find comrades that understood what NATURE was and what it meant to be so in love with that natural world that humans remained simply as diminutive representatives of the Life Force that sustains us.  I could talk about how disappointed I was to find that the forced assimilation-genocide our nation had used to destroy the People’s connection to Nature had been so effective that barely a trace of the Original Connection to the Natural World even remained alive.

I could talk about the PTSD article and say that our military is refusing to apply the two simplest measurements of both risk and contribution to PTSD-depression that could mean the difference between life and death, well-being and ill-being for our service people and their loved ones for generations to come:  (1) assess the dominant hand used by these soldiers which relates to how their brain hemispheres process ALL information, most importantly the information contained in traumatic experiences, and (2) accurately assess these soldiers’ attachment systems, which would then clearly describe how their body-brain was built either with or without trauma at its center.

I could talk today about how nature’s SHARED INTELLIGENCE might well save us all at this ‘half-lit’ juncture in human evolution.  If we ALL, all of life, is connected in one body, and if the accurate sending and receiving of communication signals all the way down to life’s molecular levels is what intelligence is all about, then we have given ourselves a most valuable tool to assist us in gaining the kind of wisdom our species now so desperately needs:  We have the technology of computers and of the internet.

This means that those of us who are so fortunate to have access to this world wide web of vital information have an unspoken obligation to use it – and use it wisely.  I believe we are doing that.

SHARED INTELLIGENCE means that we all, each and every one of us, have something critical to offer toward the betterment of life on this planet.  Right here.  Right now.

We are speaking.  We are reading.  We are listening.  We are thinking.  We are sharing.  We are learning.  We are sending and receiving signals between members of the body of our species in ways that have never happened before in the history of our species.

++++

While I certainly can’t say that it doesn’t exit, I can’t find the whole in the boat of my thinking.  Life continues to exist on this planet because information is signaled through communications between all of its elements – and that intimate fabric of life does not exclude human beings.

As I return to the top of this post in my thinking I note one single word in libramoon’s statement that most captivated me:  STUNTED.

Can we be, as libramoon suggests, “stunted in development by traumatic events along the way?”

I find myself wondering why it took me so many years to buy a bag of Hyacinth bulbs so that I could stick them into a pot of dirt and watch them grow into one of my most favorite flowers.  But this year I did buy them, and every day I watch them grow and develop.  In this case every one of the 12 bulbs is receiving the identical resources.  One bulb rotted.  Eleven are growing greener and taller every day.  I can see their sturdy outer leaves part as the bud of each one’s flower begins to form close to the soil.

Yet not one of the plants is the same.  There is one that is twice the size of the rest of them.  Standing at nearly seven inches it towers over the smallest which only yesterday showed its first greenery at all.  Given this band-width of normal development, what would have happened should any or all of them have suffered some degree of trauma in their development.

Do I compare the tallest and the shortest and the middle plants and say that some are stunted and some are not?  Or is it the truth that each separate plant is simply fulfilling its own individual nature by growing in the only way that it can – in its OWN way?

++++

The presence or absence of traumatic influences during human development simply signals through molecular pathways in the body what the condition of the world is like so that the growing body-brain of the infant-child can adjust and adapt itself in the best way it can to survive in, and even thrive in, the world it is being built for.

These beautiful Hyacinth plants I am watching are crowded together in an old plastic yellow colander I bought at our local thrift store.  The soil then has excellent drainage.  It sits in my kitchen sink directly in the even light provided by my west facing window.  I can carefully monitor the needs of this whole tribe of plants equally.  But nothing I can provide for them will change them into anything else other than what they started out being.

No matter what influences an infant-child’s development, no matter how much they have to adapt in their body-brain development to trauma, they will always come out of these earliest stages of development in the best way they possibly can.  Each one will always be a unique representation of their potential as members of our species.  But none of us, not one single one of us, can ever overcome the boundaries that make us human.  None of us can become something nature did not intend us to be.

And because of this we each represent the environment that made us in ‘natural’ ways.

Given the information in her earliest environment that my mother’s body-brain-mind-self had to work with (from both within and from outside her body), it is natural that my mother became who she was.  Given who she became, it is natural that the outflow of her condition would be what it was.  Given what my mother did to me during my development, it is natural that my body-brain-mind-self would make the kinds of adaptations and adjustments that it/I did.  There is nothing, to me, unnatural about any of this.

What happened to me, however, is that once I left my home of origin I began to look around me as I became a part of what libramoon refers to as a “social atmosphere.”  Before that time I simply had no points of reference either outside of myself or within myself that I could use for comparison.  I had no inner compass other than the natural one that I had been formed with.

My Hyacinth plants have no ability (that I know of) to compare themselves to one another.  It is only once the signaling communication that we participate in achieves some level of the ability to compare our reality with some other reality that the trouble really begins.  Before that time I believe we simply exist within the natural world in the same way that any other part of nature does.

Once we have reached what I believe to be an evolutionarily advanced state that allows for a point of reference, we enter an expanded universe of thought that includes the ability to CONTRAST some aspect of something to, with and against some aspect of something else.  Without a reference point, we cannot COMPARE or CONTRAST anything any more than my Hyacinth plants can.

The human ability to access reference points so that we can compare and contrast allows us to also form opinions as it allows us to exercise conscious choice.  Using these abilities does not separate us from NATURE.  Thinking is as natural as breathing once we have that ability.

And just as we humans breathe the same air that our planet provides for us, we think by using the same neural abilities that everyone else does.  True, my own individual lungs breathe in and exhale particular molecules.  True, my brain’s particular molecules are thinking my own thoughts as I go through life.  But at the same time these are sharing operations.  Nobody can tell me, “No!  Don’t breathe THAT air!” or “No!  Don’t think THOSE thoughts!”

My body can breathe without my conscious awareness.  My body can also think without my conscious awareness.  Again I return to another critically important concept that I see implied in libramoon’s writing:  MINDFUL.

I can choose to be mindful of both my breathing and of my thinking.  I can accomplish this because I have gained the evolutionary advantage point of HAVING a reference point.  While my mother could no doubt have gained mindfulness of her breathing, I’m not certain that in her entire life my mother could gain mindfulness in regard to her thinking.  In fact, ‘mindfulness’ is one of the primary concepts applied to recovery within the so-called Borderline condition because the ability to live a mindful life has been altered – I believe through early developmental trauma – in a Borderline’s body.

++++

I believe that the ability to obtain the ability to have a reference point within one’s self is an evolutionarily provided gift.  Having a reference-point ability gives us powers to discriminate, to contrast and to compare so that we can think in mindful ways.  I don’t think my mother had this ability any more than my Hyacinth plants do.

Does this mean that trauma stunted my mother’s development?  Is a plant stunted because it has no reference point and cannot compare and contrast itself to any other aspect of existence?  No.  Simply put, a gift is missing in both circumstances.

Our ability to think mindfully happens because we operate within a social atmosphere that feeds information back to us at the same time we have degrees of ability to receive this information even before we are born.  Information comes to us as forms of nutrients that build our body-brain just as surely as water, soil and light are nutrients that are building my Hyacinths.  These are shared natural processes.

If, however, a developing human being does not receive enough information about its own individual self-in-the-world, the gift of mindfulness will not come into bloom in the same way that if my Hyacinths do not receive the nutrients they need RIGHT NOW as they grow, they will not be able to form blossoms.  In this way, mindfulness is the gift of the flower of humanity.

In this way, also, I see that my mother was not stunted; she was robbed of the evolutionarily advanced gift of mindfulness.  She was not fed with the necessary nutrients within the social atmosphere of her infant-childhood to build a self that could in turn possess a viable reference point that she needed in order to accurately compare and contrast her own self within a world of others.  She could not, therefore, share a gift of mindfulness that she never received.

++++

My choice to mention both breathing and thinking together is not an arbitrary one.  Research on the human vagal nerve system is showing that it is directly connected to our physiological reactions to what we see ourselves ‘a part of’ and what we see ourselves ‘a part from’ as it regulates our breathing and our heart rate.

Reacting as ‘a part of’ stimulates the STOP arm of our Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).  Our heart rate and our breathing slow down.  We then find ourselves on the cooperative rather than the competitive pathway, or the prosocial one.

If we react with an ‘a part from’ reaction, our heart rate and our breathing escalate with stimulation of the GO arm of our ANS, or our fight/flight response.

In this way, I suggest that WE ARE WHAT WE BREATHE and the more conscious and mindful we can become about our fastest physiological reactions within our body the more mindful we can become about our self in relationship with the entire world we live within.  The STOP reactions we have release our breath in an exhale.  The GO reactions that we have catch us with an inhale.  If we can learn to pay attention to this most basic signal from our body, we can increasingly notice with mindfulness the orientation we are taking from our internal reference point – our individual self.

Even without our mindful conscious perception, our naturally constructed social species’ body-brain is continually evaluating our degree of safety and security in the world through finely tuned assessments about what belongs and what doesn’t – what is safe and what isn’t.  These are comparing and contrasting operations that our body has formed itself to assess so that we can increase our chances of staying alive.

The more traumatic our earliest environment was the more automatic and the less mindfully conscious these patterns operate within our body because we were naturally built this way.  As we experience a lifetime of mostly automatic reactions, our body itself has taken over the reference point position, not our conscious mind.

As we begin to practice mindfulness we are creating our own bloom.  We can choose to grow this gift even if nobody gave us this gift pro bono.  Traumatized infant-children are given censored, erroneous information.  The building of an ever increasingly mindful self requires access to and sharing of truthful and accurate information.  Because we are a social species, this growth always happens through give and take within a social atmosphere, even if that atmosphere mostly exists between our own mind and our own self in online exchanges with others.

The more we access, utilize, process and digest new information the less hold any trauma we have ever experienced will have on our mindful self, and the more we will grow and blossom into being the evolutionarily advancing people nature has intended us to become.  Mindfulness, the blossom of our specie’s evolution, concerns all the information about our experience that we can consciously share with our self.  Mindfulness defines the social atmosphere we create within our self with our self.  This is the area where our healing will show its greatest accomplishments.  “Go bloom, everyone!  Go bloom!”

++++

NOTE:  In consideration of the tendency for some people to think that humans are separate from nature and/or superior to the natural world, all this means to me is that the ‘a part from’ pathway has been chosen rather than the ‘a part of’ pathway.  The reference point of the self has compared and contrasted itself and has made up a thinking-based fiction that has nothing to do with reality.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+DOES STAYING ALIVE AT ALL COSTS LEAVE ROOM FOR GOODNESS?

++++++++++++++++++++++

When life takes us on a wild and dangerous ride before we have the skills to handle it, is the choice for goodness erased from the picture?

Reading further in Keltner’s chapter on compassion my mind stumbled into its own thoughts – as it often does.  Is this, again, simply a process of taking a detour through the memories of my own experiences so that I can begin to better understand both what Keltner is saying and how his research on ‘being good’ relates to the topic of my blog – the causes and consequences of early trauma and maltreatment in infant-childhood?

I am remembering a brief wonderful friendship I had with a woman who moved from New Mexico to this region of Arizona where I live for about a year.  I first met Mary at a craft show in town.  A tiny woman, with thick curly nearly white hair, Mary had a way with people coupled with a life force that made me feel – well – LIKED!

Mary came from a severely abusive childhood home, but if nothing else could be said about this woman, one could say that she flew out of that childhood with colors flying like a warrior from some ancient time.  She was an attendee at the 1969 Woodstock Festival.  And for the past nearly 30 years everywhere this woman moved to she brought along with her a sort of extended body that included 4 horses and a mule.

That might not seem like any particular accomplishment unless one knows that Mary was poor.  She’d always been poor.  Keeping livestock is not a cost-free endeavor.  Mary’s love for those four-legged big animals was a joy for me to see.

During the months that Mary lived in Arizona, living in a camp trailer with her not employed husband, I was able to muck for her horses in exchange for Mary’s teaching me the fundamentals of riding.  Saddling up, she took me on leisurely training rides through the native tall grass fields that bank the San Pedro River.  We were never in a hurry.  Mary showed me how to guide the horse I rode so gently that I felt a part of its great body.  How sad I was the day she packed up her tack and moved back to their home in the Sandia Mountains above Albuquerque.

I stayed in touch with Mary for months after she left here, and was even able to go spend a week with her as we worked together to strengthen the fences that kept her small herd from running wild in the brushy mountains.  One day we saddled the horses and went out for a ride.  Perhaps Mary thought she’d trained me well enough that I could handle her big mare that day.  Perhaps she was right.

That mare was in heat, and as soon as we headed away from the barn she took off running with me sitting on top of her like a gangling piece of fire wood.  Up the rocky mountain trails and down she raced, mane flying in the wind.  I did the only thing I could do, flying instant by flying instant.  I hung on for dear life.

I can tell you for certain that horse didn’t care one bit that I was on her back.  She had no concern for my needs as her rider.  I was clearly the one with all of the needs for that full-run half hour that horse took off in the Sandia foothills like she owned them.

I think about that horse and Mary this morning because what Keltner really is describing next in his chapter on compassion is how human beings respond to the needs of others, a response that can be measured in the trunk of the body by the activity of the vagus nerve system that regulates breathing and heart rate in response to the environment around us.  I think about humans’ ability to respond to the needs of others as a negotiation that involves resources.

When I remember my wild ride on the back of Mary’s gorgeous red mare, I think about how all of my attention – and I mean ALL of it – was solely focused on my own survival while I tried to ride her.  There was no possibility until that horse slowed her gait (by her own free will) that I could either think about anything else, or could have responded to anything else in the environment around me.  All of my resources were focused on my own one single need – remaining attached to the back of that horse.

For the duration of that ride there was no chance in hell that I had anything to give to anyone else.  Nothing.  My breathing and heart rate were in a pell-mell state of high gear gallop right along with that mare’s.  That means that if someone had been able to measure the activity of my vagus nerve wandering nerve bundle the results would have paralleled that fact.  During that ride I had nothing to give and could not possibly have been able to respond to anyone else’s need – no matter what.

++++

When I think about the results of the research study on Borderlines and their vagus nerve, and combine that thinking with the results of the compassion versus pride research Keltner describes (in his chapter on compassion from his book Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life), I come up with the idea that at no time when we are in a fight/flight condition because our own survival is threatened are we free to worry about what others might need.  At those times we simply do not have any extra resources available to offer to anyone else.

At those times when we are most intensely focused on keeping ourselves alive we don’t even have the resources available to pause to even think about anyone else.  Any decisions we are able to make while we are in full fight/flight are made in the body, as quickly as possible, and are not the consequence of slow higher cortical thinking.  As that red mare was in full flight mode, and I was in full fight mode to stay on her back, I did not have the ability to think about anything else.

However it actually happened in my mother’s earliest childhood that her body came to understand my mother was not any more safely or securely attached in the world than I was as I clung to that racing horse, her body made adjustments that meant forever more that the fight/flight state would be the main state of her existence, no matter what.  That is what having an evolutionarily altered body and brain means to me.

If I had had more experience, better skills, more competence and confidence before I swung my leg over the back of that mare before the ride ever began, of course my entire ride would have gone differently.  But a newborn, born into a traumatic and malevolent world, has no prior experience.  Everything their body-brain comes to know about being in the world will be built into them through their earliest experiences in the world.

I understand, certainly, that people who have a body-brain built in early safety and security can still make terrible choices in regard to the needs of others.  Again, the important word here is CHOICE.  While I had the choice to climb onto that horse, while Mary had the choice, knowing my complete inadequacies as a rider, to let me climb onto that mare in her season, once those choices were made the rest of the ride was predictable.

I suspect that my mother’s unconscious state mirrored my own as she rode the horse she’d been placed upon from the time she was born.  In a state of desperation, in a condition of emergency, my mother never wavered from the task she saw put before her in the beginning of her life.  I’m not sure she ever had a choice to pause for a moment to consider the needs of anyone else because she was as fully occupied with her own survival throughout her lifetime as I was as I tried to stay safely and securely attached on the back of that footloose, headstrong happy horse.

This means to me that measurements of the operation of the vagus nerve within our body tells us not so much what our capacity for compassion is, but actually tells us how dangerous we feel the world is.  Measurements of the vagus nerve’s response tell about a body’s perception of need to stay alive in a word of threat, danger and deprivation.  Only when a person feels safe and secure enough in the world — because their own survival is assured — are they free to choose ‘be good enough’ to offer resources of caring compassion through kindness to somebody else.

++++

At the end of this story I will say that I have lost any hope of contact in the future with Mary unless she someday makes contact with me.  Last I heard from her two years ago she and her husband had divorced, their home had burned to the ground, and Mary was living in the barn with her four horses and her mule.  Her cell telephone number is no longer attached to her, and while Mary will always have a warm place in my heart, I don’t expect to ever hear from her again in this lifetime.

I feel sad, and I will always miss her.  At the same time I know that if anyone can survive a merry romp through the tragedies of life it will be Mary.  With the hundreds of miles of weathered wrinkles on her shining face, I have no doubt whatsoever that if Mary is still breathing air she is happy while she does it.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN MEMORY OF MY MOTHER AND MY CHILDHOOD WITH HER, WITH THANKS TO:

From Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, Your Guide to Borderline Personality Disorder.

The most common questions I get from readers are about BPD relationships– many people in relationships with people with BPD struggle to understand the disorder and their role in their loved one’s recovery.

What You Need to Know About BPD Relationships

Borderline relationships are often tumultuous and chaotic. The effects of borderline personality disorder (BPD) on family members, friends, romantic partners, and children can be very broad, and are often devastating for loved ones.
Understanding Abandonment Sensitivity

A key symptom of BPD is fear of abandonment. This symptom may cause you to need frequent reassurance that abandonment is not imminent, to go to great lengths to try to avoid abandonment, and to feel devastated when someone ends a relationship with you.
The BPD Marriage – Can it Work?

Many different kinds of close relationships are affected by BPD, but perhaps none more than marriage.
Borderline Friendships

Must Reads

What is BPD?
Symptoms of BPD
Diagnosis of BPD
Treatment of BPD
Living with BPD

++++++++++++++++++++++++++